Susanna Wesley

Ex Libris
C. K. OGDEN

The death is announced of the Rev. Samuel Wesley, an
aged and highly-esteemed minister, who for many years
acted as chaplain to the Wesleyan troops stationed at the
Hounslow garrison. The deceased minister is said to have
been a most interesting and unique personality, bearing
a striking facial resemblance to the well-known Founder
of Methodism. He was a descendant of John Wesley,
A.M., one of the preachers who had been accepted by
Oliver Cromwell's triers, and one of the notable 2,000
clergymen expelled in 1662. The deceased gentleman had
several of the natural characteristics of the Epworth
Wesley, and was the only descendant of that remarkable
family in modern days remaining in the British Methodist
ministry. He died at Raunds in his eighty-first year.

364 Wesley Family : Memoirs of the, by
Adam Clarke, facs. autographs, views of Ep-

Eminent Woinen Series

EDITED BY JOHN H. INGEAM

SUSANNA WESLEY

(All rights reserved.)

SUSANNA WESLEY

BY

ELIZA CLARKE

LONDON:
W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.

1886.

(.411 rights reserved.)

LONDON :
PBIXTED BY W. H. ALLEN AND CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.

PREFACE.

THIS life of Susanna Wesley, the mother of John
Wesley the founder, and of Charles Wesley the poet,
of Methodism, differs from previous ones in not being
written from a sectarian nor even from an eminently
religious point of view. Having been much asso-
ciated with those who had been in familiar inter-
course with Charles Wesley's widow and children,
and having heard Susanna Wesley continually spoken
of as a woman " who underwent and overcame "
more difficulties than most, the ideal of her life
early aroused my imagination. I was delighted with
the opportunity of writing her memoir, and have
done so with the sympathetic admiration natural to
one in whose veins runs some of her blood, however
much diluted.

I have done my best to reconcile dates, and give
events and letters in their proper order; but it has
been a somewhat difficult task, partly because the
Old and New Styles have evidently been used indis-
criminately, and partly on account of the habit of the
family of making rough drafts as well as fair copies

2017799

vi PREFACE.

of what they wrote, and the dates given being
sometimes those of the actual documents, and some-
times those of the copies. More of general interest
about Mrs. Wesley ought to have been preserved ; but,
unfortunately, she and her family have been regarded
solely in connection with Methodism. She was nothing
if not religious ; but she was a lady of ancient lineage,
a woman of intellect, a keen politician, and, had her
ordinary correspondence been preserved, it would have
given us an insight into the life of the period which
would have been full of deep and world-wide interest.
In the preparation of this work I have been greatly
indebted to the Rev. J. G-. Stevenson, not only for
the use of his valuable Memorials of the Wesley
Family, which have been collected from every possible
source, but for the kind and patient manner in which
he has answered endless questions, consulted autho-
rities, supplied me with quotations, and lent me books
and pamphlets. Mr. John Wesley also took an interest
in my work, and repeatedly proffered me all the
assistance in his power.

ELIZA CLARKE.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

CHAPTER I. BIKTH AND ANCESTRY . . .1
CHAPTEE II. YOUTH AND MARRIAGE . . *. ft<
CHAPTEE III. EARLY MARRIED LIFE ... 15
CHAPTEE IV. LATER MARRIED LIFE ... 22
CHAPTEE V. TEACHING AND TRAINING ... 29
CHAPTEE VI. TRIALS AND TROUBLES ... 44
CHAPTEE VII. MATERNAL SOLICITUDE ... 59
CHAPTEE VIII. FIRE AND PERIL . . . . . 70
CHAPTEE IX. THE HOME REBUILT ... 87
CHAPTEE X. TEACHING IN PUBLIC . . .100
CHAPTEE XL THE SUPERNATURAL NOISES . .113
CHAPTEE XII. DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES 127
CHAPTEE XIII. PARTINGS . '. . . . 150
CHAPTEE XIV. WIDOWHOOD . . . . 182

CHAPTEE XV. LAST YEARS 199

CHAPTEE XVI. SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS . 212

LIST OF AUTHORITIES.

Memorials of the Wesley Family, by the Rev. G. J.

Stevenson. 1876.
The Life of John Wesley, by the Rev. Luke Tyerman.

1870.
Memoirs of the Wesley Family, by Dr. Adam Clarke.

1823.

Life of Wesley, by Robert Southey. 1820.
Original Letters by the Rev. John Wesley and his

Friends, by Dr. Joseph Priestly. 1791.
Life of Charles Wesley, by John Whitehead, M.D.

1805.
The Mother of the Wesleys, by the Rev. John Kirk.

1876.

The Methodist Pocket-Book. 1800.
The Wesley Banner. April and May, 1852.
Mrs. Wesley's original Papers.

SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER I.

BIRTH AND ANCESTRY.

THE armies of the Church Militant throughout the
world were never commanded by a better general than
John Wesley. The military instinct was strong in
every fibre of his keen mind and wiry body, and his
genius for organizing has probably had far more to do
with keeping the hosts of Methodism in vigorous
marching order for the last hundred and fifty years, than
any of the tenets he inculcated. He had, moreover,
the gift of an eloquence that was magnetic, that drew
men after him as the multitudes followed Peter the
Hermit, and that compelled self-surrender as did the
teaching of Ignatius Loyola. He was a born leader of
men, who went straight to his point, and carried it by
force of personal superiority. He made a very effec-
tual lieutenant of his brother Charles, who, had it not
been for John, would probably have lived a peaceful,
pious life, and been a diligently decorous parish priest

1

2 SUSANNA WESLEY.

with a spice of scholarly erudition like his father
before him. Men like John are not born in every
generation, and, when they do arise, are usually the
outcome of a race which has shown talent in isolated
instances, but has never before concentrated all its
strength in one scion.

In the records of such a race there are sure to be
certain foreshadowings of the coming prophet, priest
or seer, and consequently the lives of his progenitors
are full of the deepest interest. Boys usually repro-
duce vividly the characteristics of their mothers, so
in the person of Susanna Wesley we should seek the
hidden springs of the boundless energy and grasp of
mind that made her son stand out so prominently as
a man of mark among his fellows. Had it not been
for him it is probable that her memory would have
perished, for, as far as outsiders saw, she was only the
struggling wife of a poor country parson, with the
proverbial quiverful of children, a narrow income, and
an indomitable fund of what is termed proper pride.
She was the twenty-fifth and youngest child of her
father, Dr. Samuel Annesley, by his second wife, and
was born in Spital Yard on the 20th of January 1669.
On both sides of the house she was of gentle birth.
Her mother's father, John White, born at Higlan
in Pembrokeshire, like so many other Welshmen,
graduated at Jesus College, Oxford ; he afterwards
studied at the Middle Temple and became a bencher.
He was probably a sound lawyer and a prosperous man,
for we find that he had a goodly number of Puritan
clients, and in 1640 was elected M.P. for Southwark.
In the House he was known as an active and stirring
member of the party opposed to the King, Charles I.,
and in the proceedings that led to the death of that

BIRTH AND ANCESTRY. 3

ill-fated monarch he seems to have taken some consider-
able share. He was by no means silent or passive
when Episcopacy was under discussion, and would fain
have seen the offices of deacons, priests, and bishops
abolished. He was chairman of the Committee for
Religion, and in that capacity had to consider the cases
of one hundred clergymen who lived scandalous lives.
These cases he published in a quarto volume of fifty-
seven pages, a copy of which, under the title of The
First Century of Scandalous and Malignant Priests,
may be seen in the British Museum. Mr. White was,
moreover, a member of the Westminster Assembly of
Divines ; and what with the excitement and unrest of
the times, his natural zeal, and the heat of party spirit,
he wore himself out at the comparatively early age of
fifty- four, and was buried with a considerable amount
of ceremony in the Temple Church on the 29th of
January 1644. Over his grave was placed a marble
tablet with this inscription :

Here lyeth a John, a burning, shining light,
Whose name, life, actions all were White.

It was no doubt to his maternal great-grandfather
that Charles Wesley alluded many years after, when his
daughter Sally refused to believe that kings reigned
by Divine right ; and in his anger at her contumacy
exclaimed, " I protest, the rebel blood of some of her
ancestors runs in her veins ! "

Dr.- Annesley was himself of aristocratic lineage,
and looked it every inch. His father and the Earl of
Anglesey of that date were first cousins, their fathers
being brothers. Samuel Annesley was an only child,
and received the Christian name that has been trans-
mitted to so many of his descendants, at the request of

1 *

4 SUSANNA WESLEY.

a saintly grandmother who was called to her rest before
his birth. He was born in 1620 at Haseley in War-
wickshire, and inherited a considerable amount of pro-
perty. He had the misfortune to lose his father when
only four years old, and was brought up by his mother,
who seems to have been an eminently pious woman.
Religion, it must be remembered, was the burning
question of the day, and Puritanism was at its height ;
though there were many godly and exemplary people
in the opposite, or what we should now call the High
Church party. Young Annesley entered at Queen's
College, Oxford, at the age of fifteen, acquitted himself
well there, and in due course took his M.A. degree.
When he was twenty-four years of age and had deli-
berately chosen the Church as his profession, the affairs
of the nation had reached a crisis. Charles I. had de-
clared war against the Parliament, and his queen had
sailed from Dover with the crown jewels, hoping to
sell them, and thereby procure munitions of war for
the husband to whom she was so deeply attached.
The Royalist party withdrew from their seats in the
House of Commons, whereupon the remaining members
drew closer together, enrolled the militia, and appointed
the Earl of Warwick Admiral of the Fleet. He it was
who, having a kindness for his young county neighbour,
and receiving a certificate of his ordination signed by
seven clergymen, procured for him his diploma as LL.D.
and appointed him chaplain to a man-of-war called
the Globe. This post, however, did not suit Samuel
Annesley, and we speedily find that he quitted it and
accepted the living of Cliffe in Kent, worth about four
hundred pounds a year. This cure had been left
vacant by the sequestration of the previous vicar for
immorality, so that his appointment probably marks

BIRTH AND ANCESTRY. 5

liis acquaintance with John White, whose daughter he
married in after years. But before settling at Cliffe
he had espoused a young wife, who bore him a son,
named Samuel after his father. She died, and was
buried in the chancel of the church where her hus-
band officiated, and her little boy survived her only
four years, and was buried there in 1653. Dr.
Annesley was much opposed when he first went to
Cliffe, for the people were tarred with the same brush
as their previous vicar, and received the new one with
spits, pitchforks, and stones. Nothing daunted by this,
he assured them that he was the last man to be
frightened away from his post, and he should stay at
Clifie till they were prepared by his means for the
ministry of someone better. He was as good as his
word, and had the pleasure of seeing great im-
provement among them before he was called else-
where.

In 1648 a solemn national fast day was proclaimed,
and Dr. Annesley sent for to preach a sermon before
the House of Commons. His sermon won him much
favour and was printed by command : it contained a
passage very acceptable to the Parliament in its then
temper, but which gave great offence to the Royalists,
who justly regarded it as a reflection on the King, who
was at that moment imprisoned at Carisbrooke Castle.
According to the young divine's own account, which is
still to be found in the State Paper Office, when
the King was executed the following year he publicly
asserted his conviction that it was a " horrid murder/'
spoke against Cromwell as " the arrantest hypocrite
that ever the Church of Christ was pestered with/'
and said other disrespectful things of the ruling powers,
which, being repeated, led to his leaving Cliffe, or

6 SUSANNA WESLEY.

possibly being turned out of it, to the great regret
and sorrow of his parishioners, who had learned to
love and trust him.

The inhabitants of the parish of St. John the Evan-
gelist, Friday Street, Cheapside, unanimously chose
him as their minister in 1652 ; and though he speaks of
it as the smallest in London, it is evident that he
remained there six or seven years. He must have
married Miss White on his first settlement in the
metropolis. That he would gladly have gone else-
where is rendered probable by his declaration that
Cromwell twice refused to present him to a living
worth four hundred pounds a year, though he was the
nominee of the patron. In July 1657 the Protector,
however, gave Aunesley the Lord's Day evening lecture
at St. Paul's, which brought him one hundred and
twenty pounds a year; and twelve months after,
through the favour of Richard Cromwell, he was made
vicar of St. Giles', Cripplegate, against the wish of some
of the inhabitants, who at the Restoration petitioned
Charles II. for his removal. That monarch, however,
confirmed him in his living possibly because he did
not wish to make too rapid or sweeping changes.

Dr. Amiesley had been a prominent man among the
Puritan divines, whether he approved of the execution
of the "martyred King'' or no, for he had been one
of the commissioners appointed by the Act of Parlia-
ment for the approbation and admission of ministers of
the Gospel after the Presbyterian manner. No doubt
he would have liked to have retained his living and
won the favour of the King, for his ancestral instincts
were likely to make him Royalist rather than Round-
head. But when it came to a question of conscience
he was firm to his principles, and in 1662, when the

BIRTH AND ANCESTRY. 7

Act of Uniformity was passed, he refused to subscribe
to it, and, like Howe and Baxter, and two thousand of
the best and most prominent clergy of the time, was
ejected on St. Bartholomew's Day. The Earl of
Anglesey strove hard to persuade his kinsman to con-
form, and promised him preferment ; but it was impos-
sible to move him, and he frequently preached in
private, though ten years elapsed before the Declaration
of Indulgence made it safe for him to get the Meeting
House in Little St. Helen's licensed, where he offi-
ciated to a large and affectionate congregation till his
death. He was a remarkably handsome man, tall and
dignified, and of a very robust constitution, and several
of his children resembled him in personal beauty.
Comparison of his portraits with those of living
types, show that his aquiline nose, short upper lip,
wavy brown hair, and peculiarly strong and durable
sight, have been largely transmitted to his descendants.
Few of them, however, have been tall, although the
majority have been strong and hardy.

He was devotedly fond of his wife, and their family
increased annually and even oftener. There were two
boys, Samuel who died in India, and Benjamin who
was executor to his father's will, but most of the chil-
dren were girls. Judith was a very handsome and
strong-minded woman, whose portrait was painted
by Sir Peter Lely ; Anne was a wit as well as a
beauty, and married a rich man ; Elizabeth, who
married Duntoii, the eccentric bookseller, was very
pretty, sweet-natured, and perhaps as near perfection
as any mortal can be. There was also a Sarah and
three others, of whom all we know is that they grew up
to womanhood and married. Susanna was slim and
very pretty, and retained her good looks and symmetry

8 SUSANNA WESLEY.

of figure to old age, although she was the mother of
nineteen children.

There is a well-known anecdote of the Rev. Thomas
Manton, who, after christening Susanna, was asked by
a friend how many olive branches Dr. Annesley had ;
he replied that it was either a couple of dozen or a
quarter of a hundred. It is probable, however, that
out of this large number several died in infancy. Still,
the quiver was very full indeed, though, the parents not
being by any means poor, all who survived were well
cared for and solidly educated.

CHAPTER II.

YOUTH AND MARRIAGE.

WHATEVER accomplishments Susanna Annesley may
have lacked, she was perfect mistress of English unde-
tiled, had a ready flow of words, an abundance of
common sense, and that gift of letter- writing which
is supposed to have vanished out of the world
at the introduction of the Penny Post. She pro-
bably had sufficient acquaintance with the French
language to enable her to read easy authors ; but at an
age when a girl of her years and capacity ought to
have been reading literature, she appears to have been
studying the religious questions of the day. It is true
that they were uppermost in all minds, but it is
equally true that her father, Dr. Annesley, had laid
controversy aside and did not add a single pamphlet to
the vast army of them which invaded the world at that
epoch. He was a liberal and a large-minded man, and
no stronger proof of it can be adduced than that his
youngest daughter, before she was thirteen, was allowed
so much liberty of conscience, that she deliberately
chose and preferred attaching herself to the Church
of England rather than remaining among the Noncon-
formists, with whom her father had cast in his lot.

10 SUSANNA WESLEY.

Perhaps he sympathised with her, at all events he
neither reproached nor hindered her ; to the end of
his life she remained his favourite child, and it was to
her care that he committed the family papers, which,
unfortunately, were destroyed in the fire that many
years after wrecked the parsonage at Epworth. Among
the many visitors to the hospitable house in Spital
Yard was Samuel Wesley, the descendant of a long line
of " gentlemen and scholars," as they were termed by
one of his grandsons. He was an inmate of the Rev.
Edward Veal's dissenting academy at Stepney, and was
a promising student with a ready pen. The pedigree
of his family was traceable to the days of Athelstan,
when they were people of some repute, probably the
remnants of a good old decayed stock. They were
connected with the counties of Devon and Somerset,
always intermarrying with the best families ; some of
them fought in Ireland and acquired property there.
It need only be added that Lord Mornington, the
Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Ker Porter and his
sisters, the famous novelists, were among their kith
and kin, to show that many and rare talents and a vast
amount of energy were hereditary gifts. Samuel
Wesley was the son of the Rev. John Wesley, some-
time vicar of Winterborn, Whitchurch, in Dorsetshire,
one of the ejected clergy, and a grandson of the Rev.
Bartholomew Wesley, who married Ann Colley of
Castle Carbery, Ireland, and was the third son of Sir
Herbert Wesley, by his wife and cousin Elizabeth
Wesley of Daugan Castle, Ireland. These few facts
will probably make clear to most minds the main
points respecting the family connections and their
proclivities.

Samuel Wesley had been from his youth a hard

YOUTH AND MARRIAGE. 11

worker, and as the course of his education did not for
many years take the direction he desired, he contrived
to earn for himself the University training essential to-
a scholar. The foundation of a liberal education was
laid at the Free School, Dorchester, where he remained
till nearly sixteen, when his father died, leaving a
widow and family in very poor circumstances. The
Dissenting friends of both parents then came forward
and obtained for the promising eldest son an exhibi-
tion of thirty pounds a year, raised among themselves,
and sent him to London, to Mr. Veal's at Stepney,
where he remained for a couple of years.

There are two things almost inseparable from a
tincture of Irish blood at all events in the upper and
cultivated classes a wonderful facility for scribbling
and a hot-headed love of engaging in small controver-
sies. Both of them speedily came to light in Samuel
Wesley, for he at once became a dabbler in rhyme and
faction, and so far pleased his patrons that they printed
a good many of his jeux (f esprit. Some words of
sound advice were given him by Dr. Owen, who was,
perhaps, afraid that the intoxication of seeing himself
in print might lead to neglect of severer studies. He
counselled the youth to apply himself to critical learn-
ing, and gilded the pill by a bonus of ten pounds a year
as a reward for good conduct and progress. In conse-
quence of continual magisterial prosecutions, Mr. Veal
was obliged to give up his establishment, and his clever
young pupil was transferred to that of Mr. Charlea
Morton, M.A., of Newington Green, which then stood
foremost among Dissenting places of education. Samuel
Wesley's mother and a maiden aunt appear to have
migrated to London, and with them he made his home.
Literary work and remuneration opened before him,

12 SUSANNA WESLEY.

for he was engaged to translate some of the works of
John Biddle, regarded as the father of English Unita-
rians ; but it is said that as he could not conscientiously
approve of their tendency, he threw up the affair.

The passion of writing lampoons, however, remained
strong, and was further fanned by his meeting at
Dr. Annesley's with John Dunton, the bookseller,
who was then wooing Elizabeth Annesley. The two
became firm friends, as is not unusual when a wealthy
publisher meets with a young man of literary ability,
whose peculiar line of talent runs parallel with the
taste of the times. From that hour his literary earn-
ings went far towards his support, and he needed them ,
for he was becoming discontented with the Dissenters
and beginning to find fault with their doctrines. Dr.
Owen wished him and some others to graduate at one of
the English universities, with the notion that the tide
might soon turn, and that Dissenters might be allowed
to take the ordinary degrees ; but the idea that any
of them would prove recreant to Nonconformist prin-
ciples does not appear to have entered the good man's
head. It also appears that a e: reverend and worthy "
member of the Wesley family came to London from a
great distance, and held serious converse with his
young kinsman against the " Dissenting schism " ;
so it is probable that several influences combined to
induce Samuel, at the age of one-and-twenty, to quit
his non-conforming friends and join the Church of
England. He had, moreover, made up his mind to go
to Oxford, and, as a young man of spirit, could surely
not have wished to be hampered and baulked in his
University career by entering that abode of learning
without belonging to the Established Church. It was
the reaction of the frame of mind in which he had

YO UTH AND MA RR I A GE. 1$

written squibs and lampoons on the opposite side of
the question, and the scars of persecution and contro-
versy were still too recent to enable the friends who
had hitherto watched his career, to reflect that " our
little systems have their day" and ultimately "cease
to be."

Hearts are the same in all centuries, and, consider-
ing that Susanna Wesley was some years younger than
her future husband, one cannot help thinking that
Cupid had something to do with the change of views
she avowed so early in her teens, and that her kind
and warm-hearted father had some suspicion of the
truth, and no objection to it.

Samuel Wesley did not care to encounter home
opposition ; consequently, he rose before dawn one
August morning in 1683, and with forty-five shillings
in his pocket walked down to Oxford, where he en-
tered himself as a servitor at Exeter College. Here
he maintained himself by teaching, by writing exer-
cises, &c. that wealthy undergraduates were too idle to
do for themselves (a practice he ought not to have
countenanced), by whatever literary employment Dun-
ton could put into his hands, and by collecting
and publishing his various scattered rhymes and
poems in a volume, which appears to have rather more
than paid its own expenses. He passed his various
examinations creditably, and in June 1688 took his
B.A. degree. The fact that he was the only student
of Exeter who obtained that very moderate distinction
in that year, does not say much for the abilities or
industry of his companions as a body.

Samuel Wesley left Oxford just at the time when
James II. had issued his fresh Declaration of Indul-
gence, which the clergy for the most part refused to

14 SUSANNA WESLEY.

read in their churches, while Archbishop Sancroft
and six of his suffragans protested, and were in
consequence imprisoned in the Tower. Thus it came
to pass that, in the enforced absence of the Bishop of
London, Samuel Wesley received deacon's orders at
the hands of Dr. Sprat, Bishop of Rochester. The
curacy that gave him a title was worth only twenty-
eight pounds a year ; but he did not remain in it more
than twelve months, when he was ordained priest by
Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, at St. Andrew's,
Holborn, on the 24th of February 1689, exactly twelve
days after William and Mary had been declared sove-
reigns of Great Britain. It is said that he wrote and
printed the first pamphlet that appeared in support of
the new government. It is possible that this procured
for him the appointment of chaplain on board a
man-of-war, where he was comparatively rich with
seventy pounds a year, and had leisure for a good deal
of writing, most of which he employed in the compo-
sition of a curious poem on the Life of Christ.

He was most likely anxious to be in London, for he
soon resigned the chaplaincy, and became again a
curate in the metropolis, with an income of thirty
pounds, which he doubled by his pen. Money was
worth much more then than now, yet it was hardly
prudent to marry on so small a pittance; but lovers
have so much faith in one another, that he and
Susanna Annesley seem to have had no misgivings
but plighted their troth in the spring of 1689. It is
not known in what church they were married, nor
who married them, but it is believed that the bride's
new home was in apartments near Holborn.

CHAPTER III.

EARLY MARRIED LIFE.

SUSANNA WESLEY must have been an economical
woman and a good housekeeper, for she and her
husband lived for two years in London lodgings,
during which time their eldest son Samuel was born,
and managed to pay their way and keep perfectly
free from debt on their small income. The young
husband now entered into a literary project, which he
hoped would add considerably to his resources. He
joined Mr. Dunton and a few others in establishing
the Athenian Gazette, a weekly publication, that
lived for some years. The meetings of the coadjutors
were held at stated periods at Smith's Coffee-house in
George Yard, now George Street, near the Mansion
House. It is calculated that during the existence of
this periodical Mr. Wesley contributed about two hun-
dred articles to its pages, and it is from the pen of one
of his fellow- workers, Charles Gildon who afterwards
wrote a history of the " Athenian Society " that we
have the best sketch of what manner of man Susanna's
husband was in his early prime.

" He was a man of profound knowledge, not only
of the Holy Scriptures, of the Councils, and of the

16 SUSANNA WESLEY.

Fathers, but also of every other art that comes within
those called liberal. His zeal and ability in giving
spiritual directions were great. With invincible
power he confirmed the wavering and confuted here-
tics. Beneath the genial warmth of his wit the most
barren subject became fertile and divertive. His style
was sweet and manly, soft without satiety, and learned
without pedantry. His temper and conversation were
affable. His compassion for the sufferings of his
fellow-creatures was as great as his learning and his
parts. Were it possible for any man to act the part
of a universal priest, he would certainly deem it his
duty to take care of the spiritual good of all mankind.
In all his writings and actions he evinced a deep con-
cern for all that bear the glorious image of their
Maker, and was so apostolical in his spirit, that pains,
labours, watchings, and prayers were far more delight-
ful to him than honours to the ambitious, wealth to the
miser, or pleasure to the voluptuous."

Looking back at this distance of time on Samuel
Wesley's literary work, it is evident that he was a
learned theologian, and had the gift of fluent versifi-
cation. His mind and style were narrowed by being
continually bent on controversial theology, and he
wrote so much and so rapidly in one groove, in order
to earn the wherewithal to bring up his large family,
that he never attained the high standard of which his
youth gave such fair promise. But he was a good
man, and a faithful pastor of souls in the obscure
corner of Lincolnshire where his lot was afterwards
cast ; although, had he remained in London, it is pro-
bable that he would have come more to the front,
and have become one of the shining intellectual lights
of his day.

EARLY MARRIED LIFE. 17

The Marquis of Normanby had in some way heard
of the young divine and his straitened circumstances,
and, in 1690, when the little parish of South Ormsby
became vacant by the death of the rector, he mentioned
Mr. Wesley to the Massingberds, who then, as now,
were lords of the manor and patrons of the living. Their
offer of it was at once made and readily accepted, and
regarded as a step in advance. The stipend was fifty
pounds a year ; there was a house to live in, though a
very poor one, and, as the pastoral work was by no
means onerous, there was the prospect of abundant
leisure for writing. The new incumbent was just eight-
and-twenty, his wife was in her twenty-second year, and
their babe only four months old, when they left London
for the country place that was to be their future home,
and with which their memories are indelibly connected.
The monotony of country life and the utter absence of
the excitement to which Mr. Wesley had been accus-
tomed must very soon have chafed his spirit, though
he tried to be thankful, as may be seen from his own
description :

" In a mean cot, composed of reeds and clay,
Wasting in sighs the uncomfortable day :
Near where the inhospitable Humber roars,
Devouring by degrees the neighbouring shores.
Let earth go where it will, I '11 not repine,
Nor can unhappy be, while Heaven is mine/'

There were only thirty-six houses and about two
hundred and sixty inhabitants in the parish, wherein the
ancient church of St. Leonard stood on rising ground
just above the parsonage. The young couple arrived
in June, and got settled before the winter came. As
the months passed, and little Samuel began to walk,

2

18 SUSANNA WESLEY.

his mother was distressed to observe that, though
healthy and extremely intelligent, he showed no sign
of talking. This made her very anxious, and the care
of a child who she feared was dumb, as well as the
very natural tenderness for a first-born son, caused
" Sammy," as they called him, to be her favourite, a
predilection which she, as well as others, fully recog-
nised. In 1691 a little girl was born, and named after
her mother, and in January of the following year
Emilia made her appearance. In April 1693 the
infant Susanna died, making the first break in the
circle. In 1694 twin boys, Annesley and Jedediah,
were born, but died in infancy, and a few months
after their death came another girl, who was also
named Susanna, and lived to a ripe old age. Mary,
the last born at South Ormsby, through a fall became
deformed and sickly ; so that it is evident that Mrs.
Wesley's hands were always full and her strength
sorely tried.

It might have been imagined that in this remote
village no social difficulties were likely to arise ; but
it was not so. The Marquis of Normanby, like many
others of his time, was a man of sadly loose morals,
and kept a " lady '* at a house in South Ormsby. She
took a great fancy to the Rector's pretty wife, and
would fain have been very intimate with her. Mrs.
Wesley, secure in her own position as a happy wife
and mother, does not seem to have harshly discouraged
her fallen sister ; but her hot-tempered and high-handed
husband was not going to endure it, and, it is averred,
coming in one day when the peccant woman was
sitting with his wife, he handed her out of the house
in a sufficiently peremptory manner. John Wesley
says that this conduct gave such offence to the

EARLY MARRIED LIFE. 19

Marquis as to necessitate his father's resignation of
the living ; but this statement is not borne out by
facts. If the story were absolutely correct, the Mar-
quis must have recognised the natural indignation
of a gentleman, and have respected him accordingly,
for Mr. Wesley did not cease to be his private
chaplain, nor to dedicate books to him and the
Marchioness, nor did the nobleman forget to mention
the Rector of South Ormsby at Court. The actual
rencontre may very possibly have been with some
woman connected with Lord Castleton, who rented
the Hall and lived a very dissolute life there. It
all happened long before John Wesley was born, so
he may easily have been mistaken as to the facts.

When Samuel was between four and five years old
his parents were relieved of all anxiety about his
speech. He was very fond of the cat, and would
carry it about and often get away with it into quiet
corners, where we may presume that the other little
ones did not follow to molest either pussy or her
juvenile master. One day he was so long out of sight
that his mother grew uneasy. She hunted all over
the house and garden, and at length, while calling his
name, she heard a voice saying, " Here am I,
mother ! " It came from under the table, and,
stooping down, she saw Sammy and his cat. From
this time forth he spoke as well as other children :
Mrs. Wesley's thankfulness may be imagined.

It was in 1693 that Mr. Wesley published his
heroic poem in ten books, entitled The Life of Our
Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and dedicated
it to Queen Mary. It was not published by the
friendly brother-in-law, Dunton, but " printed for
Charles Harper, at the Flower-de-Luce, over against

2 *

20 SUSANNA WESLEY.

St. Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street ; and Benjamin
Motte, Aldersgate Street." In truth, Dunton did not
think it would improve its author's reputation, and
denounced it as " intolerably dull," an opinion shared
by Pope. The present generation would certainly
endorse their views ; yet it went through a second
edition in 1697, and was reprinted in a revised and
abridged form a century later. The most interesting
passage, and the only one it is desirable to quote here,
is Mr. Wesley's sweet and appreciative portrait of the
wife to whom he had then been married about four
years :

" She graced my humble roof and blest my life,
Blest me by a far greater name than wife ;
Yet still I bore an undisputed sway,
Nor was 't her task, but pleasure to obey :
Scarce thought, much less could act, what I denied.
In our low house there was no room for pride ;
Nor need I e'er direct what still was right,
She studied my convenience and delight.
Nor did I for her care ungrateful prove,
But only used my power to show my love :
Whatever she asked I gave without reproach or grudge,.
For still she reason asked, and I was judge.
All my commands requests at her fair hands,
And her requests to me were all commands.
To other thresholds rarely she 'd incline :
Her house her pleasure was, and she was mine ;
Rarely abroad, or never but with me,
Or when by pity called, or charity.''

In 1694 the Marquis of Normanby did his best
both with the Queen and Archbishop Tillotson to
recommend Mr. Wesley for the Bishopric of an Irish

EARLY MARRIED LIFE. 21

diocese, two of which were then vacant. Considering
how much Irish blood ran in the veins of the Wesleys,
and also that their connections were people of position
in the Emerald Isle, he would probably have been well
placed in such a see, and the difference it would have
made to his family would have been incalculable.
Possibly neither Queen Mary nor the Archbishop
knew of these circumstances, but simply thought that
a clergyman at thirty-two years of age was too young,
and the pastor of two hundred and fifty country people
too inexperienced, for such a post. The Queen, how-
ever, did not forget him, and it is said that it was in
consequence of a wish expressed shortly before her
last illness that the living of Epworth was offered to
him.

It was just before leaving South Ormsby that Mrs.
Wesley had the grief of losing her father, Dr. Annesley,
who died, after five months' illness, on the last day of
1696. The news, of course, did not travel very
quickly, nor was it unexpected ; but it was none the
less keenly felt. She was then twenty-seven, and
expecting her eighth child, only one of her family
having been seen by its grandfather. She was a
strong believer in communion between the spirits of
the departed and those dear to them who are still in
the body, and throughout the remainder of her life
loved to think that her father was far nearer to her
than while she was in Lincolnshire and he in the flesh
in Spital Yard.

22 SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER IV.

LATER MARRIED LIFE.

IT was early in 1697 that the Wesleys removed to
Epworth, on the opposite side of the county of Lincoln,
which, though only a small market town with about
2,000 inhabitants, was the principal place in the Isle
of Axholme, a district ten miles long by four broad,
enclosed by the rivers Trent, Don, and Idle. The
church is an ancient structure, dedicated to St.
Andrew, and the rectory was at that time a palace in
comparison with the "mud hut" at South Ormsby.
It was not a brick or stone-built house, but a three-
storied and five-gabled timber and plaster building,
thatched with straw, and containing " a kitchinge, a
hall, a parlour, a buttery, and three large upper rooms
and some others for common use; and, also, a little
garden ; " together with a large barn, a dove-cote, and
a hemp kiln. The children had ample space now to
roam about in as well as for ease and comfort indoors ;
but there were fees to be paid on entrance into the
living, furniture to be bought for the larger house, and,
as the new rector determined to farm his own glebe,
implements and cattle for that worse than amateur
farming, for which a bookish man brought up in town

LATER MARRIED LIFE. 23

was eminently unfit. Mr. Wesley, who was already in
debt, borrowed a hundred pounds from the Bishop
of Salisbury, which proving insufficient, before he was
fairly installed he had to borrow another fifty pounds.
The interest on and repayment of these sums hung like
a millstone round his neck for the remainder of his
life.

The family could have been only just settled at
Epworth when Mehetabel, the fifth daughter, was born,
and just about the same time Mrs. Wesley heard of the
death of her sweet elder sister Elizabeth, the wife of
John Dunton. The Duutons had continued lovers up
to the day of the wife's death, and the bereaved husband
declared that during the fifteen years of their union
not an angry look had passed between them. She had
been his book and cash keeper, and always took an
active part in his business, and, in spite of cares and
worries, he never once went home and found her out of
temper. She nursed him devotedly in sickness, and
when there seemed some possibility of their migrating
to America and settling there in business, acquiesced
in the voyage, cheerfully assuring her " most endeared
heart " that she would joyfully go over to him, adding,
" I do assure you, my dear, yourself alone is all the
riches I desire ; and if ever I am so happy as to have
your company again, I will travel to the farthest part
of the world rather than part with you any more. . . .
I had rather have your company with bread and water
than enjoy without you the riches of both Indies." In
another she says, " Prithee, my dear, show thy love
for me by taking care of thyself. Get thee warm
clothes, woollen waistcoats, and buy a cloak. Be
cheerful; want for nothing; doubt not that God will
provide for us." She seems to have been proverbials

24 SUSANNA WESLEY.

in her own generation, for the natural goodness and
amiability which unfortunately do not always go hand
in hand with the sincerest piety.

Mrs. Wesley had been very happy in the brotherly
friendship which existed between her own husband and
her sister and Mr. Dunton, and felt the bereavement
deeply. Mr. Wesley wrote the epitaph which was en-
graved on Mrs. Dunton's tomb in Buuhill Fields, and,
though it was the fashion of the day to attribute every
virtue under the sun to those who had epitaphs written
for them, it was acknowledged by general consent
that every word of it was true :

" Sacred urn ! with whom we trust

This dear pile of buried dust,

Know thy charge, and safely guard,

Till death's brazen gate 's unbarred ;

Till the angel bids it rise,

And removes to Paradise

A wife obliging, tender, wise ;

A friend to comfort and advise;

Virtue mild as Zephyr's breath ;

Piety, which smiled in death ;

Such a wife and such a friend

All lament and all commend.

Most, with eating cares opprest,

He who knew, and loved her best ;

Who her loyal heart did share,

He who reigned unrivalled there,

And no truce to sighs will give

Till he die, with her to live.

Or, if more he would comprise,

Here interred Eliza lies.

The two sisters were considered very much alike both
in person and character, so that anything recorded of

LATER MARRIED LIFE. 25

Mrs. Dunton throws a side light on Mrs. Wesley's
own personality.

Mr. Wesley had been present at the wedding of the
Duutons, and then presented them with an " Epitha-
lamium " which was all doves and loves, and Cupids
and Hymens. He evidently had a shrewd suspicion
that the widowed bookseller was not made to live alone,
for in the letter enclosing the epitaph he slily remarks
that he hopes it may arrive before another Epithala-
mium is wanted. Mr. Dunton did marry again,
within six months, and Mr. Wesley dropped his
acquaintance as precipitately as Dr. Primrose might
have done under the same circumstances. He was
never tried in the same way himself, as Mrs. Wesley
survived him, but, judging from what we know of his
character, it is more than probable that he would not
have lived long without a wife had he had the misfor-
tune to lose his faithful partner.

Most likely it was when Mrs. Wesley was first in-
stalled at Epworth that she faced the problem of
education for her children. Had she not done so,
her daughters would have grown up ignorant, for
funds wherewith to send them to school would never
have been forthcoming. Strenuous efforts would
naturally have been made for the boys; for educa-
tion, and that at a public school, was regarded as
& sine qua non by the father, and he would have
moved heaven and earth to procure it for them. Mrs.
Wesley was a quietly practical woman, who, having
much to do, found time to do everything, by dint of
unflagging energy and industry and a methodical
habit of mind. It was, of course, impossible to
teach her eldest boy till he was able to speak, but as
soon as he began to talk she began to instruct him.

26 SUSANNA WESLEY.

It was a rapid and pleasant process, for she wrote that
" he had such a prodigious memory that I do not
remember to have told him the same word twice.
What was more strange, any word he had learned
in his lesson he knew wherever he saw it, either in his
Bible or any other book, by which means he learned
very soon to read an English author well." For two
years or so, Samuel was her only pupil, and from her
experience with him she never attempted to teach any
of her children the alphabet till they were turned five,
although the youngest of all, Kezia, picked up her
letters before that age. Her mother regretted this,
and said it was none of her doing, but reading must
have been in the atmosphere. Mrs. Wesley's ninth
child was born at Ep worth in 1698, but, the parish
registers having been destroyed by fire, it is not known
whether it was a boy or girl. This child speedily
died, and the next addition to the family was a John
who was followed the next year by a Benjamin, both
of whom died in infancy.

It appears that during the earlier part of the time at
Epworth, Mr. Wesley's aged mother lived with him r
and was, probably, a valuable assistance to the young
wife, who always had a baby coming, and was fre-
quently confined to her room and couch for six months
at a time, though, as she rarely had more than one
maidservant for all purposes, she must have managed
the children even in her moments of greatest weakness,
and it was this perpetual strain of mind and body that
added so much to her feebleness.

On the 16th of May 1701, husband and wife took
counsel together. Money was terribly scarce and
coals were wanted, for, though it was almost summer,
it would not have done to be without firing when

LATER MARRIED LIFE. 27

another child was hourly expected. Every penny
was collected together, but they could only muster six
shillings between them. The coals were sent for, but
the pockets were empty. On Thursday morning there
was a joyful surprise. Kind Archbishop Sharpe, who
knew how poverty pinched the family at Epworth, and
all about the debts, and how hard the rector worked in
hammering rhyme and prose out of his brains for
London publishers, spoke to several of the nobility
about him, and even appealed to the House of Lords in
his behalf. The Countess of Northampton, moved by
the tale of privation, gave twenty pounds for the
Archbishop's proteges, ten of which, at Mr. Wesley's
desire, were left in his Lordship's hands for old Mrs.
Wesley, and the other ten were sent by hand to the
Rector, arriving on the morning that found him penni-
less. The money was not an hour too soon, for that
very evening twins, a boy and girl, were born. In,
announcing the event to the Archbishop, Mr. Wesley
wrote :

" Last night my wife brought me a few children.
There are but two yet, a boy and a girl, and I think
they are all at present ; we have had four in two years
and a day, three of which are living."

Neither the twins nor the boy who preceded them
survived many months, and in 1702 Anne was born ;
and the mother having now, for a wonder, only one
baby in hand, while little Mehetabel, or Hetty as
she was called, having attained the dignified age of five
years, Mrs. Wesley began to keep regular school with
her family for six hours a day, and kept it up, for
twenty years, with only the few unavoidable interrup-
tions caused by successive confinements, and a fire
at the Rectory.

28 SUSANNA WESLEY.

How patiently she taught was shown when, one
day, her husband had the curiosity to sit by and count
while she repeated the same thing to one child more
than twenty times. " I wonder at your patience/'
said he ; " you have told that child twenty times that
same thing." " If I had satisfied myself by mention-
ing it only nineteen times," she answered, " I should
have lost all my labour. It was the twentieth time
that crowned it."

Mrs. Wesley does not seem to have thought much
of her own system of education, but she could not
suffer her children to run wild, and could not afford
either governesses, tutors, or schools. The only way
of teaching them was to do it herself, and, while they
were quietly gathered round her with their tasks, she
plied her needle, kept the glebe accounts, wrote her
letters, and nursed her baby in far more ease and
comfort than she could have done if the little crew
had been racing about and getting into boisterous
mischief. It was at the desire of her son John, when
a man of thirty, and perhaps with his own aspirations
to family life, that she wrote down the details of how
she brought up and taught her children, and that
record is best given in her own words.

29

CHAPTER V.

TEACHING AND TRAINING.

JOHN WESLEY certainly could not have remembered
the beginning of his mother's educational work, as it
commenced before his birth ; but he must have expe-
rienced its benefits, as she, with some assistance from
her husband in rudimentary classics and mathematics,
prepared him to enter the Charterhouse at eleven years
of age with considerable credit to himself and his
teachers. He pressed her repeatedly in after life to-
write down full details for his information, and she was
evidently somewhat loath to do it, for at the end of a
letter dated February 21st, 1732, she says :

" The writing anything about my way of education
I am much averse to. It cannot, I think, be of service
to anyone to know how I, who have lived such a retired
life for so many years, used to employ my time and
care in bringing up my children. No one can, without
renouncing the world, in the most literal sense, observe
my method; and there are few, if any, that would
entirely devote above twenty years of the prime of life
in hopes to save the souls of their children, which they
think may be saved without so much ado ; for that

30 SUSANNA WESLEY.

was my principal intention, however unskilfully and
unsuccessfully managed."

Happily she did ultimately allow herself to be per-
suaded, and wrote to her son John as follows :

" DEAR SON, " Epworth, July 24th, 1732.

" According to your desire, I have collected the
principal rules I observed in educating my family.

" The children were always put into a regular method
of living, in such things as they were capable of, from
their birth ; as in dressing and undressing, changing
their linen, &c. The first quarter commonly passes in
sleep. After that they were, if possible, laid into their
<;radle awake, and rocked to sleep, and so they were
kept rocking till it was time for them to awake. This
was done to bring them to a regular course of sleeping,
which at first was three hours in the morning, and
three in the afternoon ; afterwards two hours till they
needed none at all. When turned a year old (and
some before) they were taught to fear the rod and to
cry softly, by which means they escaped abundance of
correction which they might otherwise have had, and
that most odious noise of the crying of children was
rarely heard in the house, but the family usually lived
in as much quietness as if there had not been a child
among them.

" As soon as they were grown pretty strong they were
confined to three meals a day. At dinner their little
table and chairs were set by ours, where they could be
overlooked ; and they were suffered to eat and drink
(small beer) as much as they would, but not to call for
anything. If they wanted aught they used to whisper
to the maid that attended them, who came and spake
to me ; and as soon as they could handle a knife and

TEACHING AND TRAINING. 31

fork they were set to our table. They were never suf-
fered to choose their meat, but always made to eat
such things as were provided for the family. Morn-
ings they always had spoon meat ; sometimes at nights.
But whatever they had, they were never permitted at
those meals to eat 'of more than one thing, and of that
sparingly enough. Drinking or eating between meals
was never allowed, unless in case of sickness, which
seldom happened. Nor were they suffered to go into
the kitchen to ask anything of the servants when
they were at meat : if it was known they did so,
they were certainly beat, and the servants severely
reprimanded. At six, as soon as family prayer was
over, they had their supper ; at seven the maid washed
them, and, beginning at the youngest, she undressed
and got them all to bed by eight, at which time she
left them in their several rooms awake, for there was
no such thing allowed of in our house as sitting by a
child till it fell asleep.

" They were so constantly used to eat and drink
what was given them that when any of them was ill
there was no difficulty in making them take the most
unpleasant medicine; for they durst not refuse it,
though some of them would presently throw it up.
This I mention to show that a person may be taught
to take anything, though it be never so much against
his stomach.

" In order to form the minds of children, the first
thing to be done is to conquer their will and bring
them to an obedient temper. To inform the under-
standing is a work of time, and must with children
proceed by slow degrees, as they are able to bear
it ; but the subjecting the will is a thing that must be
done at once, and the sooner the better, for by neglect-

32 SUSANNA WESLEY.

ing timely correction they will contract a stubbornness
and obstinacy which are hardly ever after conquered,
and never without using such severity as would be as
painful to me as to the child. In the esteem of the
world they pass for kind and indulgent whom I call
cruel parents, who permit their children to get habits
which they know must be afterwards broken. Nay,
some are so stupidly fond as in sport to teach
their children to do things which in a while after they
have severely beaten them for doing. When a child
is corrected it must be conquered, and this will be no
hard matter to do, if it be not grown headstrong by
too much indulgence. And when the will of a child
is totally subdued, and it is brought to revere and
stand in awe of the parents, then a great many childish
follies and inadvertencies may be passed by. Some
should be overlooked and taken no notice of, and
others mildly reproved ; but no wilful transgression
ought ever to be forgiven children without chastise-
ment less or more, as the nature and circumstances
of the case may require. I insist on the conquering
of the will of children betimes, because this is the
only strong and rational foundation of a religious educa-
tion, without which both precept and example will be
ineffectual. But when this is thoroughly done, then
a child is capable of being governed by the reason
and piety of its parents, till its own understanding
comes to maturity, and the principles of religion
have taken root in the mind.

" I cannot yet dismiss the subject. As self-will is
the root of all sin and misery, so whatever cherishes
this in children ensures their after wretchedness and
irreligion : whatever checks and mortifies it, promotes
their future happiness and piety. This is still more

TEACHING AND TRAINING. 33

evident if we farther consider that religion is nothing
else than doing the will of God and not our own ;
that the one grand impediment to our temporal and
eternal happiness being this self-will, no indulgence
of it can be trivial, no denial unprofitable. Heaven
or hell depends on this alone, so that the parent
who studies to subdue it in his child works together
with God in the renewing and saving a soul. The
parent who indulges it does the Devil's work ; makes
religion impracticable, salvation unattainable, and does
all that in him lies to damn his child body and soul
for ever.

" Our children were taught as soon as they could
speak the Lord's prayer, which they were made to say
at rising and at bedtime constantly, to which, as they
grew bigger, were added a short prayer for their parents,
and some collects, a short catechism, and some portion
of Scripture as their memories could bear. They were
veiy early made to distinguish the Sabbath from other
days, before they could well speak or go. They were
as soon taught to be still at family prayers, and to ask
a blessing immediately after, which they used to do by
signs, before they could kneel or speak.

" They were quickly made to understand they might
have nothing they cried for, and instructed to speak
handsomely for what they wanted. They were not
suffered to ask even the lowest servant for aught with-
out saying ' Pray give me such a thing ' ; and the
servant was chid if she ever let them omit that word.

" Taking God's name in vain, cursing and swearing,
profanity, obscenity, rude ill-bred names, were never
heard among them ; nor were they ever permitted to
call each other by their proper names without the
addition of brother or sister.

3

34 SUSANNA WESLEY.

<L There was no such thing as loud playing or talking
allowed of, but everyone was kept close to business for
the six hours of school. And it is almost incredible
what may be taught a child in a quarter of a year by
a vigorous application, if it have but a tolerable capa-
city and good health. Kezzy excepted, all could read
better in that time than the most of women can do as
long as they live. Rising out of their places, or going
out of the room, was not permitted except for good
cause ; and running into the yard, garden, or street,
without leave, was always esteemed a capital offence.

" For some years we went on very well. Never were
children in better order. Never were children better
disposed to piety, or in more subjection to their
parents, till that fatal dispersion of them after the fire
into several families. In these they were left at full
liberty to converse with servants, which before they
had always been restrained from, and to run abroad to
play with any children, bad or good. They soon learned
to neglect a strict observance of the Sabbath, and got
knowledge of several songs and bad things which
before they had no notion of. That civil behaviour
which made them admired when they were at home, by
all who saw them, was in a great measure lost, and a
clownish accent and many rude ways were learnt which
were not reformed without some difficulty.

" When the house was rebuilt, and the children all
brought home, we entered on a strict reform ; and then
was begun the system of singing psalms at beginning
and leaving school, morning and evening. Then also
that of a general retirement at 5 o'clock was entered
upon, when the eldest took the youngest that could
speak, and the second the next, to whom they read the
psalms for the day and a chapter in the New Testa-

TEACHING AND TRAINING. 35

ment; as in the morning they were directed to read
the psalms and a chapter in the Old Testament, after
which they went to their private prayers, before they
got their breakfast or came into the family.

' ' There were several bye-laws observed among us.
I mention them here because I think them useful.

" First, it had been observed that cowardice and
fear of punishment often lead children into lying till
they get a custom of it which they cannot leave. To
prevent this, a law was made that whoever was charged
with a fault of which they were guilty, if they would
ingenuously confess it and promise to amend should
not be beaten. This rule prevented a great deal of
lying, and would have done more if one in the family
would have observed it. But he could not be prevailed
upon, and therefore was often imposed on by false
colours and equivocations which none would have used
but one, had they been kindly dealt with ; and some
in spite of all would always speak truth plainly.

" Second, that no sinful action, as lying, pilfering at
church or^on the Lord's day, disobedience, quarrelling,
&c. should ever pass unpunished."

(Onfe feels that in the last sentence Mrs. Wesley
must have been interrupted, or that possibly a line or
two of her letter may have been lost (it has been
several times printed), for usually she was very clear-
headed and precise in what she wrote, and certainly
would have considered pilfering on any day and in any
place sinful.)

" Third, that no child should be ever chid or beat
twice for the same fault, and that if they amended
they should never be upbraided with it afterwards.

" Fourth, that every signal act of obedience, espe-
cially when it crossed upon their own inclinations,

3 *

36 SUSANNA WESLEY.

should be always commended, and frequently rewarded
according to the merits of the case.

" Fifth, that if ever any child performed an act of
obedience, or did anything with an intention to please,
though the performance was not well, yet the obedi-
ence and intention should be kindly accepted, and the
child with sweetness directed how to do better for the
future.

" Sixth, that propriety (the rights of property) be
invariably preserved, and none suffered to invade the
property of another in the smallest matter, though it
were of the value of a farthing or a pin, which they
might not take from the owner without, much less
against, his consent. This rule can never be too much
inculcated on the minds of children; and from the
want of parents and governors doing it as they ought,
proceeds that shameful neglect of justice which we
may observe in the world.

" Seventh, that promises be strictly observed ; and a
gift once bestowed, and so the right passed away from
the donor, be not resumed, but left to the disposal of
him to whom it was given, unless it were conditional,
and the condition of the obligation not performed.

" Eighth, that no girl be taught to work till she can
read very well ; and that she be kept to her work with
the same application and for the same time that she
was held to in reading. This rule also is much to be
observed, for the putting children to learn sewing
before they can read perfectly is the very reason why
so few women can read fit to be heard, and never to be
well understood.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

A wise and generous nature found expression in
these eight rules, and the last of them bespoke a

TEACHING AND TRAINING. 37

woman who valued mind above matter. Very few of
her country men and women at the present day ever
attain the art of reading aloud audibly and intelligibly,
as may be observed by diligent attendance at church,
where the average clergy mumble and murder both
liturgy and lessons.

Perhaps school-books of the ordinary sort were
scarce at Epworth certainly there was no money to
spare for the purchase of them or perhaps it was on
principle that Mrs. Wesley's children were taught
their very letters and small words from the first chapter
of Genesis, and made perfect in reading each verse
before going on to the next. As soon as the fifth birth-
day was passed the house was set in order, and the
mother devoted the six school-hours of one whole
day to teaching her youngest pupil its letters, with
what success she herself has told us. She must have
had a great deal of uninterrupted time for her educa-
tional work, as her husband spent most of his days in
his study when at home, and was chosen by his clerical
brethren in Lincolnshire to represent them three several
times in Convocation. This took him to London for
many months at a time ; and though the journey and
the expense of remaining in the metropolis so long
were heavy drains on his purse, the occupation was
congenial and kept him before the public eye, thus
causing a readier sale for his literary productions and
giving him the opportunity of distinguishing himself
and communicating with publishers. During these
absences Mrs. Wesley had everything in her own
hands, the glebe, the parish, and the family ; she kept
the books, did the best she could with regard to farm-
ing operations ; though having, like her husband, spent
her youth in London, and among books, she could

38 SUSANNA WESLEY.

hardly have been very conversant with anything of
that kind ; corresponded with her lord and master, and
diligently instructed her children.

Just a little ease from pecuniary difficulties seems
to have dawned on the Wesleys in the spring of
1702. The rector's " History of the Old and New
Testament attempted in verse, and adorned with three
hundred and thirty sculptures " had appeared a few
months before, and doubtless was expected to prove a
source of considerable profit. The money, however,
came in very slowly, and creditors pressed so hard for
what was due to them, that in March Mr. Wesley once
more mounted his horse and rode to London for aid.
His appeal was responded to in various quarters, for the
Dean of Exeter gave him ten pounds, the Archbishop
of Canterbury ten guineas, the Marquis of Normanby
twenty, and the Marchioness five. A few other small
sums raised the amount to sixty pounds, and the good
man rode joyfully home with it, paid off some debts
entirely, and a portion of others, and kept ten pounds
in his own hands towards the expense of getting in his
harvest. It need not necessarily be assumed that these
moneys were given him out of charity pure and simple,
for publishing was then, as now, an expensive process,
and authors who had no capital accomplished it by
subscription. It is very possible that the Marquis and
the Archbishop and others had promised their sub-
scriptions but not paid them up, so that Mr. Wesley
may only have collected money justly due to him.

But loss and poverty pursued him, for the summer
proved hot and the thatched roof of the parsonage got
very dry, and perhaps the kitchen chimney wanted
sweeping. At all events, some sparks fell upon it, and
though the house was not burnt down, a great deal of

TEACHING AND TRAINING. 39

mischief was done. It must have occurred either when
Anne was a very few weeks old or just before she was
born. Mr. Wesley gave an account of it in writing to
his kind and constant friend the Archbishop of York,
to whom he had commenced a letter on July 25th,
writing only the date and the words "My Lord/'
This identical sheet of paper was partly burnt and
wetted with the water that extinguished the flames ;
but as it was saved, with other books and papers, the
letter was ultimately completed on it and forwarded to
Dr. Sharpe.

" He that 's born to be a poet must, I am afraid,
live and die poor, for on the last of July 1702, a fire
broke out in my house, by some sparks which took hold
of the thatch this dry time, and consumed about two-
thirds of it before it could be quenched. I was at the
lower end of the town to visit a sick person, and
thence to R. Cogan's. As I was returning they
brought me the news. I got one of his horses, rode
up, and heard by the way that my wife, children, and
books were saved, for which God be praised, as well
as for what He has taken. They were altogether in
my study and the fire under them. When it broke
out she got two of the children in her arms, and ran
through the smoke and fire ; but one of them was left
in the hurry, till the other cried for her, and the
neighbours ran in and got her out through the fire, as
they did my books and most of my goods ; this very
paper amongst the rest, which I afterwards found as I
was looking over what was saved.

" I find 'tis some happiness to have been miserable,
for my mind has been so blunted with former misfor-
tunes that this scarce made any impression upon me.
I shall go on, by God's assistance, to take my title

40 SUSANNA WESLEY.

(tithe?); and when that's in, to rebuild my house,
having at last crowded my family into what's left,
and not missing many of my goods."

There is a story concerning this part of Mrs. Wes-
ley's life which, though it rests on the authority of
her son John, must be either a mistake or an exagge-
ration; and, as the circumstance related occurred
before his birth, he, of course, repeated it only from
hearsay, and not of his own personal knowledge. It
is to the effect that Mrs. Wesley, never having viewed
William of Orange as the rightful Sovereign of
England, did not respond to the prayer for the King
as read by her husband at their family worship.
He asked the reason why, and was favoured with a
plain but full exposition of her political views ; where-
upon he retorted hotly, " Sukey, if that be the case,
you and I must part ; for if we have two kings we
must have two beds," and declared that unless she
renounced her opinions he would not continue to
live with her. So much, runs the story, did he take
her contumacy to heart that he left the room without
another word, retired to his study, and in the course
of the day rode off to Convocation without taking
leave or holding any further communication with her.
He remained in London for a year without corre-
sponding, and only returned after Queen Anne's acces-
sion. There could be no dispute between the pair as
to her right to reign, so the ordinary habits of life
were resumed, and John Wesley was the first child
born afterwards. So the story goes ; but it is mani-
festly wrong, for in the first place neither the dates
given nor the events mentioned fit in ; and in the
second place, John Wesley was born on the 17th of
June Old Style, or the 28th New Style, 1703, when

TEACHING AND TRAINING. 41

his sister Anne was twelve months old ; so that the
tale of his father's absence from home for a whole
year falls to the ground. The strength and tenacity of
Mrs. Wesley's political feelings is shown by passages in
her " Occasional Papers/' written two or three years
later. The country was at war, and the object of
Marlborough's campaigns was to break the power of
France, though there were some special pleaders
who declared that their end and aim was the preser-
vation of Protestantism. " As for the security of
our religion/' she writes, " I take that to be a still
more unjustifiable pretence for war than the other.
For, notwithstanding some men of a singular com-
plexion may persuade themselves, I am of opinion
that as our Saviour's Kingdom is not of this world,
so it is never lawful to take up arms merely in defence
of religion. It is like the presumption of Uzzah, who
audaciously stretched out his hand to support the
tottering ark ; which brings to mind those verses of
no ill poet :

In such a cause 'tis fatal to embark,
Like the bold Jew, that propped the falling ark ;
With an unlicensed hand he durst approach,
And, though to save, yet it was death to touch.

And truly the success of our arms hitherto has no
way justified our attempt ; but though God has not
much seemed to favour our enemies, yet neither hath
He altogether blest our forces. But though there is
often many reasons given for an action, yet there is
commonly but one true reason that determines our
practice, and that, in this case, I take to be the secur-
ing those that were the instruments of the Revolution
from the resentments of their angry master, and the
preventing his return and settling the succession in an

42 SUSANNA WESLEY.

heir. Whether they did well in driving a prince from
his hereditary throne, I leave to their own consciences
to determine ; though I cannot tell how to think that
a King of England can ever be accountable to his
subjects for any mal-administration or abuse of power.
But as he derives his power from God, so to Him only
he must answer for his using it. But still, I make
great difference between those who entered into a
confederacy against their Prince, and those who,
knowing nothing of the contrivance, and so conse-
quently not consenting to it, only submitted to the
present Government, which seems to me the law of
the English nation, and the duty of private Christians,
and the case with the generality of this people. But
whether the praying for a usurper, and vindicating his
usurpations after he has the throne, be not partici-
pating his sins, is easily determined/'

It appears, also, that when a national fast day was
proclaimed and observed, Mrs. Wesley stayed at home
instead of going to church, and she justifies her action
thus : " Since I am not satisfied of the lawfulness of
the war, I cannot beg a blessing on our arms till I
can have the opinion of one wiser, and a more compe-
tent judge than myself, in this point, viz., whether a
private person that had no hand in the beginning of
the war, but did always disapprove of it, may, not-
withstanding, implore God's blessing on it, and pray
for the good success of those arms which were taken
up, I think, unlawfully. In the meantime I think it
my duty, since I cannot join in public worship, to-
spend the time others take in that in humbling myself
before God for my own and the nation's sins ; and in
beseeching Him to spare that guilty land wherein are
many thousands that are, notwithstanding, compara-

TEACHING AND TRAINING. 4$

lively innocent, and not to slay the righteous with the
wicked ; but to put a stop to the effusion of Chris-
tian blood, and, in His own good time, to restore u&
to the blessing of public peace. Since, then, I do not
absent myself from Church out of any contempt for
authority, or out of any vain presumption of my own
goodness, as though I needed no solemn humiliation,
and since I endeavour, according to my poor ability,
to humble myself before God, and do earnestly desire
that he may give this war such an issue as may most
effectually conduce to His own glory, I hope it will
not be charged upon me as a sin, but that it will
please Almighty God, by some way or other, to satisfy
my scruples, and to accept of my honest intentions,
and to pardon my manifold infirmities."

It was probably a month or two before the birth
of John that Samuel, the eldest boy, was placed at the
school of Mr. John Holland, at Epworth, that there
might be no break or loss of time in his preparation
for Westminster School, and he was the only one of
the brothers who received any other assistance on
entering at a public school than that which could be
given by his parents. John was probably a delicate
babe, as he was baptized by his father when only a
few hours old. He received the names of John
Benjamin, after two baby boys (the tenth and eleventh
children) who had preceded him and died in infancy.
He was the only one of the family who had a second
name, and it was never used, as he was simply called
Jack, or Jacky, at home, and never signed himself
otherwise than plain John.

44 SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER VI.

TRIALS AND TROUBLES.

THE Rector of Epworth was not remarkably popular
in his own parish ; perhaps a very poor clergyman
never is. He had great difficulty in repairing and
rebuilding the part of his house that had been
destroyed by fire ; and when his son John was about
seven or eight months old Mr. Wesley suffered a
fresh loss, as his crop of flax was set fire to and
demolished under circumstances that looked very
much like incendiarism. He was also involved in a
controversy that caused a deal of ill-feeling and bad
blood in consequence of a letter, or rather pamphlet,
which he had written in his youth, before he removed
from London to South Ormsby, after attending a
meeting of the Calves Head Club, a body of violent
political Dissenters. Very much disgusted, Wesley
went home, and, while his heart was hot within him,
wrote off a long letter, and, after writing it, went to
bed about five in the morning. A friend probably
his landlord, Robert Clavel, a bookseller and then
Master of the Stationers' Company came in while he
slept, took possession of the MS., and, after reading,
dissuaded Wesley from sending it to the person to

TRIALS AND TROUBLES. 45-

whom it was addressed, but contrived to keep it in
his own hands. Twelve years afterwards, without
the author's consent, he published it, under the title
of " A Letter from a Country Divine to his Friend in
London concerning the Education of Dissenters in
their Private Academies in several parts of this
Nation : Humbly offered to the consideration of the
Grand Committee of Parliament for Religion now
sitting." The temper of the House at that moment
was one of extreme hostility to Dissenters and eager-
ness for their suppression.

The strife waxed quite furious as pamphlet succeeded
pamphlet, and angry passions arose on all sides. Mr.
Wesley's special antagonist was a Rev. Samuel Palmer,
who, of course, had his adherents, and to such an
extent did this wordy warfare go that Daniel De Foe,
who took his full share in it, was committed to New-
gate in July 1703. Mr. Wesley might, perhaps, have
had the same fate had he lived in London ; for so
universal was the contention that, according to Dean
Swift, the very cats and dogs discussed it, whilst fine
ladies became such violent partizans of the Low and
High Church parties " as to have no time to say their
prayers/' The Rector of Epworth, with his sharp
tongue and hot temper, was far more likely to make
enemies than friends at such a time, and no doubt a
great deal of prejudice and ill-feeling was aroused
against him in Lincolnshire, and his wife, as well as
himself, had to bear the brunt of it.

It was a great trial to her to part with her first-
born son, Samuel, who in 1704 was placed at West-
minster, though she would have been the last woman
to have stood in the way of her child's advancement.
The boy went to London with his father, probably

46 SUSANNA WESLEY.

riding before him on the same horse, and speedily
won the favour of his new tutors and governors.
He had also several friends in London ; his paternal
grandmother was still alive, and his uncle Matthew
was a surgeon and apothecary in good circumstances,
while another uncle, Timothy Wesley, and an aunt,
Mrs. Elizabeth Dyer, his father's only sister, also
lived in the city. They all appear to have shown the
boy the kindness to be expected by a nephew,
and were most likely proud of his talents and rapid
progress. His mother's aniious affection for him
was so great that she devoted many hours, and also
many sheets of foolscap, to writing him a series of
letters, which were neither more nor less than treatises
on Revelation and the law of reason. The first
is dated March llth, 1704, and is very long, and, to
say the truth, dry, unrelieved by a scrap of home
news or gossip. She, no doubt, in writing it and
successive epistles, fulfilled what she felt to be a
conscientious duty, but was aware that they were
beyond the boy's comprehension at that period, as she
told him to keep them till he was older and better able
to understand them. A letter written towards the close
of the summer seems more natural, and better suited
to a school-boy's comprehension :

" DEAR SAMMY, " Epworth, August 4th, 1704.

" I have been ill a great while, but am now, I
thank God, well recovered. I thought to have been
with you ere this, but I doubt if I shall see you this
summer; therefore send me word particularly what
you want.

" I would ere now have finished my discourse begun
so long ago, if I had enjoyed more health ; but I hope

TRIALS AND TROUBLES. 47

I shall be able to finish it quickly, and then have you
transcribe all your letters; for they may be more
useful to you than they are now, because you will be
better able to understand them. I shall be employing
my thoughts on useful subjects for you when I have
time, for I desire nothing in this world so much as to
have my children well instructed in the principles of
religion, that they may walk in the narrow way which
alone leads to happiness. Particularly I am con-
cerned for you, who were, even before your birth,
dedicated to the service of the sanctuary, that you
may be an ornament of that Church of which you are
a member, and be instrumental (if God shall spare
your life) in bringing many souls to Heaven. Take
heed, therefore, in the first place, of your own, lest
you yourself should be a castaway.

" You have had great advantages of education ; God
has entrusted you with many talents, such as health,
strength, a comfortable subsistence hitherto, a good
understanding, memory, &c. ; and if any one be mis-
employed or not improved, they will certainly one day
rise up in judgment against you.

" If I thought you would not make good use of
instruction, and be the better for reproof, I would
never write or speak a word to you more while I live,
because I know whatever I could do would but tend
to your greater condemnation. But I earnestly beg
of God to give you His grace, and charge you, as you
will answer for it at the last great day, that you care-
fully 'work out your own salvation with fear and
trembling,' lest you should finally miscarry.

" You say you do not know how to keep a secret
without sometimes telling a lie. I do not know what
secrets you may have : I am sure nobody with you has

48 SUSANNA WESLEY.

authority, however, to examine you ; but if any should
be so impertinently curious to do it, put them civilly
off, if you can ; but, if you cannot, resolutely tell them
you will not satisfy their unreasonable desires ; and be
sure you never, to gain the favour of any, hazard
losing the favour of God, which you will do if you
speak falsely. To God's merciful protection I commit
you.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

The next letter is not dated, but was written either
during the same or the following year :

SAMMY,

" ' Let your light so shine before men that they
may see your good works and glorify your Father which
is in Heaven.'

" Examine well your heart, and observe its inclina-
tions, particularly what the general temper of your
mind is; for, let me tell you, it is not a fit of devotion
now and then speaks a man a Christian, but it is a
mind universally and generally disposed to all the
duties of Christianity in their proper times, places, &c.
For instance, in the morning or evening, or any other
time when occasion is offered, a good Christian will be
cheerfully disposed to retire from the world, that he
may offer to his Creator his sacrifice of prayer and
praise, and will account it his happiness, as well as his
duty, so to do. When he is in the world, if he have
business, he will follow it diligently, as knowing that
he must account with God at night for what he has
done in the day, and that God expects we should be
faithful in our calling as well as devout in our closets.
A Christian ought, and in the general does, converse
with the world like a stranger in an inn : he will use

TRIALS AND TROUBLES. 49

what is necessary for him, and cheerfully enjoy what
he innocently can ; but at the same time he knows it is
but an inn, and he will be but little concerned with
what he meets with there, because he takes it not
for his home. The mind of a Christian should be
always composed, temperate, free from all extremes
of mirth or sadness, and always disposed to hear the
still small voice of God's Holy Spirit, which will
direct him what and how to act in all the occur-
rences of life, if in all his ways he acknowledge
Him, and depend on His assistance. I cannot now
stay to speak of your particular duties; I hope I
shall in a short time send you what I designed.

" In the meantime, I beg of you, as one that has
the greatest concern imaginable for your soul : I
exhort you, as I am your faithful friend : and I
command you, as I am your parent to use your
utmost diligence to make your calling and election
sure, to be faithful to your God ; and after I have
said that, I need not bid you be industrious in your
calling.

" Sammy, think of what I say, and the blessed
God make you truly sensible of your duty to Him,
and also to me. Renew your broken vows ; if you
have wasted or misemployed your time, take more
care of what remains. If in anything you want coun-
sel or advice, speak freely to me, and I will gladly
assist you. I commit you to God's blessed protection.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

While the mother was writing to her absent .boy,
and keeping school with her other children, her hus-
band was in his study writing rhyme as fast as it would
flow from brain and pen. The Duke of Marlborough

4

50 SUSANNA WESLEY.

was the hero of the hour, he had gained the battle of
Blenheim in August 1704, and struck such terror into
the French nation, as long found echo in the refrain
Marlbrouck s'en va-t-en guerre. The nation delighted
to honour the soldier-statesman, whose victory justified
Queen Anne's confidence in him, both Houses of
Parliament publicly thanked him, the City of London
entertained him at a civic feast, the nation gave the
Manor of Woodstock to him and his heirs for ever,
and built for him that Blenheim Palace but just now
despoiled of the art treasures he collected during
his successful campaigns against the power of the
Grande Monarque. Policy and patriotism both tended
to inspire Mr. Wesley's muse, and he achieved a poem
of five hundred and ninety-four lines, entitled, Marl-
borough, or the Fate of Europe. Archbishop Sharpe
took poem and author under his fostering wiug,
and brought them under the Duke's notice. The
least that the hero could do in return was to give
Mr. Wesley the chaplaincy to Colonel Lepelle's regi-
ment ; and so pleased was another peer with the poem
that he sent for its writer, and tried to procure him
a prebend's stall. But, alas !

The best laid schemes of mice and men
Gang aft agley !

and the very means by which the poet-parson sought
to serve his patrons and strengthen his position caused
him to lose all that he had gained, as well as all he
hoped for.

Early in May 1705, Mrs. Wesley gave birth to
another son, but, between worry and weakness was
unable to nurse it, so it was given into the charge of
a woman who lived opposite the rectory. Epworth

TRIALS AND TROUBLES. 51

was greatly disturbed on account of a contested elec-
tion, and the street was so noisy one night that the
nurse could not get to sleep till between one and two
in the morning, and then slept so soundly that she
overlaid and killed the child.

It was small wonder that Mrs. Wesley should have
been worried both before and after her confinement ;
for Queen Anne had dissolved Parliament on the 5th
of April, and it was well known that the contest
between Whigs and Tories would be keen. No
Romanist is so zealous or so bigoted as a "convert,"
and no Churchman is so ' ' high " as one who was born
and brought up in the bosom of Dissent. Thus it was
perfectly natural that the Rector of Epworth should
be a Tory of the first water, and throw all his weight
and personal influence into the scale against Colonel
Whichcott and Mr. Albert Bertie, the candidates who
favoured Presbyterianism and had the Dissenters on
their side, and who contested the representation of Lin-
colnshire with the previous members, Sir John Harold
and " Champion " Dymoke. No doubt the Tory party,
already friendly to him, would have remembered, and
in some manner rewarded the zealous clergyman who
had espoused their cause with all his might and main,
had they been successful ; but the Whigs carried the
day, and he was consequently insulted by the mob,
and was in some danger of maltreatment. His oppo-
nents speedily deprived him of his chaplaincy to
Colonel Lepelle's regiment, so that he suffered in
purse as well as in local popularity and reputation.
His own account of the state of affairs is found in a
letter he wrote to Archbishop Sharpe as soon as the
hubbub had a little subsided.

52 SUSANNA WESLEY.

Epworth, June 7th, 1705.
" I went to Lincoln on Tuesday night, May 29th,
and the Election began on Wednesday, 30th. A great
part of the night our Isle people kept drumming,
shouting, and firing of pistols and guns under the
window where my wife lay, who had been brought to
bed not three weeks. I had put the child to nurse
over against my own house : the noise kept his nurse
waking till one or two in the morning. Then they
left off, and the nurse, being heavy to sleep, overlaid
the child. She waked and finding it dead, ran over
with it to my house, almost distracted, and calling my
servants, threw it into their arms. They, as wise as
she, ran up with it to my wife, and before she was well
awake, threw it cold and dead into hers. She com-
posed herself as well as she could, and that day got it
buried.

" A clergyman met me in the Castle yard, and told
me to withdraw, for the Isle men intended me a mis-
chief. Another told me he had heard near twenty of
them say, ' if they got me in the Castle yard, they
would squeeze my guts out/ My servant had the
same advice. I went by Gainsbro', and God preserved
me.

" When they knew I was got home, they sent the
drums and mobs, with guns, &c. as usual, to compli-
ment me till midnight. One of them passing by on
Friday evening, and seeing my children in the yard,
cried out, ' O ye devils ! we will come and turn ye all
out of doors a-begging shortly.' God convert them
and forgive them !

"All this, thank God, does not in the least sink
my wife's spirits. For my own, I feel them disturbed
and disordered ; but for all that I am going on with

TRIALS AND TROUBLES. 53

my reply to Palmer, which, whether I am in prison
or out of it, I hope to get finished by the next session
of Parliament, for I have no more regiments to lose.

" S. WESLEY."

But his worst trials were yet to come, and the
manner in which they affected his wife and family are
best told by himself. He was in debt to one of
the people he had angered by his zeal at the recent
Election, and, as he had not the wherewithal to pay,
was speedily arrested, and sent to Lincoln jail. Here
is the account given by his own hand to the Arch-
bishop of York :

4f MY LORD, " Lincoln Castle, June 25th, 1705.

" Now I am at rest, for I am come to the haven
where I 've long expected to be. On Friday last
(June 23rd), when I had been, in christening a child,
at Epworth, I was arrested in my churchyard by one
who had been my servant, and gathered my tithe last
year, at the suit of one of Mr. Whichcott's relations
and zealous friends (Mr. Pinder), according to their
promise when they were in the Isle before the Election.
The sum was not thirty pounds, but it was as good as
five hundred. Now they knew the burning of my flax,
my London journey, and their throwing me out of my
regiment, had both sunk my credit and exhausted my
money. My adversary was sent to where I was on the
road, to meet me, that I might make some proposals
to him. But all his answer (which I have by me) was,
that I must immediately pay the whole sum or go to
prison. Thither I went with no great concern for
myself, and find much more civility and satisfaction
here than in brevibus gyaris of my own Epworth.

54 SUSANNA WESLEY.

I thank God, my wife was pretty well recovered, and
churched some days before I was taken from her ; and
hope she '11 be able to look to my family, if they don't
turn them out of doors, as they have often threatened
to do. One of my biggest concerns was my being
forced to leave my poor lambs in the midst of so many
wolves. But the great Shepherd is able to provide
for them, and to preserve them. My wife bears it
with that courage which becomes her, and which I
expected from her.

" I don't despair of doing some good here (and so
long I shan't lose quite the end of living), and, it may
be, do more in this parish than in my old one ; for
I have leave to read prayers every morning and after-
noon here in the prison, and to preach once a Sunday,
which I choose to do in the afternoon when there is
no sermon at the minster. And I 'm getting acquainted
with my brother jail-birds as fast as I can; and shall
write to London, next post, to the Society for Propaga-
ting Christian Knowledge, who, I hope, will send me
some books to distribute amongst them. I should
not write these things from a jail if I thought your
Grace would believe me ever the less for my being
here ; where if I should lay my bones, I 'd bless God
and pray for your Grace. Your Grace's very obliged
and most humble servant,

" S. WESLEY."

Archbishop Sharpe's kind heart must have warmed
to the man who could be so cheery in such a position,
strive to help his " brother jail-birds " without repul-
sion, and look upon them as the flock committed to
his charge for the time being. He immediately wrote
him a sympathetic answer, told him the reports he had

TRIALS AND TROUBLES. 55

heard, and asked for a statement of his affairs. Mr.
Wesley was able to explain all satisfactorily, and, after
detailing the falsehoods fabricated and spread by his
opponents, adds :

" My debts are about 300, which I have contracted
by a series of misfortunes not unknown to your Grace.
The falling of my parsonage barn, before I had re-
covered the taking my living ; the burning great part
of my dwelling-house about two years since, and all
my flax last winter ; the fall of my income nearly one
half by the low price of grain ; the almost entire failure
of my flax this year, which used to be the better half
of my revenue ; with my numerous family ; and the
taking this regiment from me, which I had obtained
with so much expense and trouble : have at last crushed
me, though I struggled as long as I was able. Yet
I hope to rise again, as I have always done when at
the lowest ; and I think I cannot be much lower
now."

How Mrs. Wesley and the family fared at home, he
tells in a letter written on the 12th of September :

" Concerning the stabbing my cows in the night
since I came hither, but a few weeks ago ; and endea-
vouring thereby to starve my forlorn family in my
absence, my cows being all dried by it, which was
their chief subsistence ; though, I hope, they had not
the power to kill .any of them outright.

" They found out a good expedient, after it was
done, to turn it off, and divert the cry of the world
against them ; and it was to spread a report that my
own brawn (boar) did this mischief, though at first
they said my cows ran against a scythe and wounded
themselves.

" As for the brawn, I think any impartial jury would

56 SUSANNA WESLEY.

bring him in not guilty on hearing the evidence.
There were three cows all wounded at the same time,
one of them in three places ; the biggest was a flesh
wound, not slanting but directly in towards the heart,
which it only missed by glancing outwards on the ribs.
It was nine inches deep, whereas the brawn's tusks
were hardly two inches long. All conclude that the
work was done with a sword by the breadth and shape
of the orifice. The same night the iron latch of my
door was turned off, and the wood hacked in order to
shoot back the lock, which nobody will think was with
an intention to rob my family. My house-dog, who
made a huge noise within doors, was sufficiently
punished for his want of politics and moderation, for
the next day but one his leg was almost chopped off
by an unknown hand. 'Tis not everyone could bear
these things ; but, I bless God, my wife is less con-
cerned with suffering them than I am in the writing,
or than I believe your Grace will be in reading them.
She is not what she is represented, any more than me.
I believe it was this foul beast of a worse than Eryman-
thean boar, already mentioned, who fired my flax by
rubbing his tusks against the wall ; but that was no
great matter, since it is now reported I had but five
pounds loss."

Whether the Archbishop of York went to Epworth
to see the state of affairs for himself, or whether Mrs.
Wesley met him at Lincoln or elsewhere, during her
husband's imprisonment, is not known, but certain it
is that they had an interview, at which, among other
questions, he asked, "Tell me, Mrs. Wesley, whether
you ever really wanted bread?" "My Lord/' said
she, " I will freely own to your Grace that, strictly
speaking, I never did want bread. But then I had

TRIALS AND TROUBLES. 57

so much care to get it before it was eat, and to pay
for it after, as has often made it very unpleasant to me.
And, I think, to have bread on such terms is the next
degree of wretchedness to having none at all." " You
are certainly right/' replied the Archbishop, who the
next day gave the much-tried rector's wife a handsome
present in money.

When Mr. Wesley had been in prison about three
months, some of his clerical neighbours and some of
Jbis political friends assisted him by paying off about
half his debts, and arranging for the liquidation of
others. The joyful intelligence speedily produced a
very grateful letter, in which he told the Archbishop
what had occurred, and mentioned another touching
manifestation of his wife's devotion :

" MY LORD, Lincoln Castle, Sept. 17th, 1705.

" I am so full of God's mercies that neither
my eyes nor heart can hold them. When I came
hither my stock was but little above ten shillings, and
my wife's at home scarce so much. She soon sent me
her rings, because she had nothing else to relieve me
with ; but I returned them, and God soon provided
for me. The most of those who have been my bene-
factors keep themselves concealed. But they are all
known to Him who first put it into their hearts to
show me so much kindness ; and I beg your Grace
to assist me to praise God for it, and to pray for His
blessing upon them.

" This day I have received a letter from Mr. Hoar,
that he has paid ninety-five pounds which he has
received from me. He adds that ' a very great man
has just sent him thirty pounds more ' ; he mentions
not his name, though surely it must be my patron.

58 SUSANNA WESLEY.

1 find I walk a deal lighter, and hope I shall sleep
better now these sums are paid, which will make
almost half my debts. I am a bad beggar, and worse
at returning formal thanks, but I can pray heartily
for my benefactors ; and I hope I shall do it while I
live, and so long beg to be esteemed your Grace's
most obliged and thankful, humble servant,

" SAM. WESLEY."

Shortly after this, Mr. Wesley was released and re-
turned home, where he lived with a lighter heart in the
bosom of his family, and engaged in a voluminous
correspondence with his eldest son at Westminster
School.

CHAPTER VII.

MATERNAL SOLICITUDE.

OP the next five or six months of Mrs. Wesley's life
nothing is recorded; so they were probably passed
in as much quietude and comfort as she had ever
known. In May she wrote a letter to her eldest son,
which shows that what we now call teetotalism was
not among the austere virtues practised either in her
own circle or that in which her boy lived.

" DEAR SAMMY, " Epworth, May 22nd, 1706.

" You cannot imagine how much your letter
pleased me wherein you tell me of your fear lest you
should offend God ; though, if you state the case truly,
I hope there is no danger of doing it in the matter
you speak of.

" Proper drunkenness does, I think, certainly con-
sist in drinking such a quantity of strong liquor as
will intoxicate, and render the person incapable of
using his reason with that strength and freedom as
he can at other times. Now there are those that, by
habitually drinking a great deal of such liquors, can
hardly ever be guilty of proper drunkenness, because

'60 SUSANNA WESLEY.

never intoxicated ; but this I look on as the highest
kind of the sin of intemperance.

" But this is not, nor, I hope, ever will be your
case. Two glasses cannot possibly hurt you, provided
they contain no more than those commonly used ; nor
would I have you concerned though you find yourself
warmed and cheerful after drinking them ; for it is
a necessary effect of such liquors to refresh and in-
crease the spirits, and certainly the Divine Being will
never be displeased at the innocent satisfaction of our
regular appetites.

" But then have a care ; stay at the third glass.
Consider you have an obligation to strict temperance
which all have not I mean your designation to holy
orders. Remember, under the Jewish economy it
was ordained by God Himself that the snuffers of the
Temple should be perfect gold ; from which we may
infer that those who are admitted to serve at the
altar, a great part of whose office it is to reprove
others, ought themselves to be most pure, and free
from all scandalous actions ; and if others are tempe-
rate, they ought to be abstemious.

" Here happened last Thursday a very sad accident.
You may remember one Robert Darwin, of this town.
This man was at Bawtry fair, where he got drunk;
and riding homeward down a hill, his horse came
down with him, and he, having no sense to guide him-
self, fell with his face to the ground and put his neck
out of joint. Those with him immediately pulled it
in again, and he lived till next day; but he never spake
more. His face was torn all to pieces, one of his
eyes beat out, and his under- lip cut off, his nose
broken down, and in short he was one of the most
dreadful examples of the severe justice of God that I

MATERNAL SOLICITUDE. 61

have known. I have been the more particular in this
relation because this man, as he was one of the richest
in the place, so he was one of the most implacable
enemies your father had among his parishioners ; one
that insulted him most basely in his troubles, one that
was the most ready to do him all the mischief he
could, not to mention his affronts to me and the chil-
dren, and how heartily he wished to see our ruin,
which God permitted him not to see. This man and
one more have been now cut off in the midst of their
sins since your father's confinement. I pray God
amend those that are left. I am, dear Sammy, your
faithful friend and mother,

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

A few months later Mr. Wesley himself wrote to
his boy a letter, which speaks so beautifully of the
mother that no life of her would be complete which
did not contain this tribute to her worth :

"DEAR CHILD, "Epworth, September 1706.

" The second part of piety regards your duty
towards your parents; towards whom I verily hope
you will behave yourself as you ought, to the last
moment of your life; disobedience to them being
generally the mother of all other vices

" God Himself was doubtless infinitely pleased and
satisfied in giving being to His creatures ; but I never
could see any reason why this should lessen, or render
unnecessary, their obligations to Him.

"But, further, if there were no obligation to our
parents, on account of having received our being from
them, but only subsequent benefits, as education
and the like, it would follow that there is no manner

2 SUSANNA WESLEY.

of duty towards an unkind and harsh parent, which
I doubt is contrary to Scripture and to reason. Nay,
supposing a parent was not able to provide for his
child, but be forced to expose him in infancy, and
leave him to the pity and charity of others, which you
know is very common in the great city where you
live ; I say it would follow that, if such a child should
afterwards accidentally come to know his parents, he
would not be obliged to pay them any manner of
duty ; which is so false that I believe nature itself
would teach him otherwise. I own that the obliga-
tions of benefits, good education, and the like, when
added to that of nature, make the tie much stronger ;
and that those children whose parents either neglect
them or give them ill examples, may be said, in one
sense, to be but little beholden to them for bringing
them into the world. But where these two are united
we can hardly express gratitude enough for them.

" Perhaps you will think I am pleading my own cause;
and so, indeed, I am in some measure, but it is the
cause of my mother also ; and even your own cause,
if you should ever have children. And, indeed, that
of nature and civil society, which would be dissolved,
or exceedingly weakened, if this great foundation-stone
should be removed.

" Yet, after all, though the tenderness and endear-
ments between parents and children, which ill-
natured people, who, perhaps, are not capable of
them, may be apt to call 'fondness,' be a very
sensible and natural pleasure, and such as I think
mutual benefits only could hardly produce ; I should
think, if we come to weigh obligations, that if the
parents after-care, in informing the mind of the child,
and launching it out into the world, are perhaps

MATERNAL SOLICITUDE. 63

not without difficulty to themselves, in order to their
living comfortable here and for ever this must surely
be owned to be much the greater and more valuable
kindness ; and consequently reason will sink the sail
on this side, how heavy soever affection may hang on
the other.

" Now on both these accounts you know what you
owe to one of the best of mothers. Perhaps you may
have read of one of the Ptolemies who chose the
name of Philometer as a more glorious title than if
he had assumed that of his predecessor Alexander.
And it would be an honest and virtuous ambition
in you to attempt to imitate him, for which you have
so much reason ; and often reflect on the tender and
peculiar love your dear mother has always expressed
towards you, the deep affliction both of body and mind
which she underwent for you both before and after
your birth ; the particular care she took of your
education when she struggled with so many pains and
infirmities ; and, above all, the wholesome and sweet
motherly advice and counsel which she has often given
you to fear God, to take care of your soul, as well as of
your learning, to shun all vicious practices and bad
examples (the doing which will equally tend to your
reputation and your happiness) as well as those valu-
able letters she wrote you on the same subjects. You
will, I verily believe, remember that these obligations
of gratitude, love, and obedience, and the expressions
of them, are not confined to your tender years, but
must last to the very close of life, and even after that
render her memory most dear and precious to you.

" You will not forget to evidence this by support-
ing and comforting her in her age, if it please God
that she should ever attain to it (though I doubt she

64 SUSANNA WESLEY.

will not), and doing nothing which may justly dis-
please and grieve her, or show you unworthy of such
a mother. You will endeavour to repay her prayers
for you by doubling yours for her, as well as your
fervency in them ; and, above all things, to live such
a virtuous and religious life that she may find that
her care and love have not been lost upon you, but
that we may all meet in heaven.

" In short, reverence and love her as much as you
will, which I hope will be as much as you can. For
though I should be jealous of any other rival in your
heart, yet I will not be of her; the more duty
you pay her, and the more frequently and kindly you
write to her, the more you will please your, affectionate
father,

"SAMUEL WESLEY."

The tenderness of the father's nature is very touch-
ingly shown in his whole series of letters to the " dear
child" who was the first to leave home and go out into
the world.

No exact date has ever been assigned to the birth
of Martha, who was Mrs. Wesley's next baby, her
eighth daughter and seventeenth child; but it must
have been during the later months of 1706. She was
an ailing and delicate infant, and from the time she
began to take notice always reserved her brightest
smiles for her little brother John, who was next to
her in age, and about three years and a half old when
she was born. Her mother's hands must have been
very full during the first few months of Martha's life,
though her elder girls were big enough to relieve
her sometimes of the care of the child. Nevertheless,
there was a break of several months in the correspon-

MATERNAL SOLICITUDE. 65

dence with her first-born ; but in March 1707 she
wrote him a long and earnest letter, only one passage
of which need be quoted here :

" I have a great and just desire that all your sisters
and your brother should be saved as well as you ;
but I must own I think ray concern for you is much the
greatest. What, you, my son, you, who was once the
son of my extremest sorrow, in your birth and in your
infancy, who is now the son of my tenderest love,
my friend, in whom is my inexpressible delight, my
future hope of happiness in this world, for whom I
weep and pray in my retirements from the world, when
no mortal knows the agonies of my soul on your
account, no eye sees my tears, which are only beheld
by that Father of spirits of whom I so importunately
beg grace for you that I hope I may at last be heard,
is it possible that you should be damned ? O that
it were impossible ! Indeed, L think I could almost
wish myself accursed, so I were sure of your salva-
tion. But still I hope, still I would fain persuade my-
self that a child for whom so many prayers have been
offered to Heaven will not at last miscarry. ''

Only a few weeks later Mrs. Wesley's heart, as
well as that of her husband, was rejoiced by an official
intimation that " Sammy " would probably be elected
to one of the King's Scholarships at Westminster,
which would enable him to go to Oxford. This drew
forth another epistle from the wise yet anxious
mother.

" DEAR SAMMY, "Epworth, May 7th, 1707.

" Though I wrote so lately, yet, having received
advice that your election is so much sooner than I ex-
pected, I take this opportunity to advise you about it.

5

66 SUSANNA WESLEY.

" The eternal, ever-blessed God, that at first created
all things by His almighty power, and that does what-
ever pleases Him, as well among the inhabitants of
earth as in the armies of heaven, you know is the only
Disposer of events ; and, therefore, I would by all means
persuade you solemnly to set apart some portion of time
(on the Sabbath if you can) to beg His more especial
direction and assistance upon a business on which a
great part of your future prosperity may depend. I
would have you, in the first place, humbly to acknow-
ledge and bewail all the errors of your past life, as
far as you can remember them ; and for those that
have escaped your memory pray, as David did, that
God would cleanse you from your secret faults.

"Then proceed to praise Him for all the mercies
which you can remember you have received from His
divine goodness ; and then go on to beg His favour
in this great affair, and do all this in the name and
through the mediation of the blessed Jesus.

" Sammy, do not deceive yourself. Man is not to
be depended on; God is all in all. Those whom He
blesses shall be blessed indeed. When you have done
this, entirely resign yourself and all your fortunes to
the Almighty God ; nor be too careful about your being
elected, nor troubled if disappointed.

" If you can possibly, set apart the hours of Sunday,
in the afternoon, from four to six, for this employ-
ment, which time I have also determined to the same
work. May that Infinite Being, whose we are, and
whom I hope we endeavour to serve and love, accept
and bless us.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

The lad was finally elected, and in some sort entered

MATERNAL SOLICITUDE. 67

on a new life ; that is to say, he had fresh duties and
a wider sphere. He probably had a good voice, and
some knowledge of music, or he would not have been
chosen for a King's Scholar, as boys occupying that
position are almost always choristers at the Chapel
Royal. This brings them into notice, and they receive
many invitations into musical and aristocratic society.
Mrs. Wesley was terribly afraid that her son might
become of the world, worldly, and wrote to warn and
exhort him :

"DEAR SAMMY, " Epworth, August 30th, 1707.

" Prithee how do you do in the midst of so
much company and business, to preserve your mind
in any temper fit for the service of God ? I am sadly
afraid lest you should neglect your duty towards Him.
Take care of the world, lest it unawares steal away
your heart, and so make you prove false to those
vows and obligations which you have laid upon your-
self, in the covenant you personally made with the ever
blessed Trinity, before your reception of the Holy
Communion. Have you ever received the Sacrament
at London ? If not, consider what has been the cause
of your neglect, and embrace the next opportunity.

" SUSANNA WESLEY/'

In October Mrs. Wesley's motherly sympathies were
called forth by hearing that her boy was laid up with
rheumatism ; but by the end of November he had
recovered, and she wrote him a very long letter,
chiefly theological, but containing some plain words
on the temptations likely to assail a youth on the
threshold of manhood. The opening and closing
paragraphs are alone suited to these pages :

5 *

68 SUSANNA WESLEY.

" Epworth,
" DEAR SAMMY, November 27th, 1707.

" We both complain of not having often heard
from each other. What foundation there is for com-
plaints on your side I know not ; but I am apt to
suspect you have written more letters to me than
I have received, for you lately sent one that never
came to my hands, though I was advertised of some
part of the contents of it, as of you having received
the Sacrament, at which I was greatly pleased, and
that you desire some directions how to resist tempta-
tions, and some particular advice how to prepare for
the reception of the blessed Communion.

**#*

' ' Of temperance in recreation I shall say little. I
do not know what time is assigned you for it, and I
think your health and studies require that you should
take a pretty deal of exercise. You know whether
your heart be too much set upon it. If it be, I will
tell you what rule I observed in the same case when
I was young and too much addicted to childish diver-
sions, which was this : never to spend more time in any
matter of recreation in one day than I spent in private
religious duties. I leave it to your consideration
whether this is practicable by you or not. I think
it is.

" I am so ill, and have with so much pain written
this long letter, that I gladly hasten to a conclusion,
and shall leave your request about the Sacrament un-
answered till I hear from you; and then, if I am
in a condition to write, I will gladly assist you as
well as I can. May God, in His infinite mercy, direct
you in all things.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

MATERNAL SOLICITUDE. 69

About three weeks after the writing of this
letter Mrs. Wesley was prematurely confined of her
eighteenth child, Charles, who became the sweet singer
of Methodism. This was on December 18th, 1707. The
babe was a frail and almost inanimate little creature,
and neither cried nor opened his eyes for several weeks.
He was too fragile even to be dressed, and was kept
wrapped up in wool for some time. When the moment
arrived at which he should have come into the world
if all had been well with his mother, he opened his
eyes and cried, and thenceforth throve tolerably. He
was somewhat delicate as a youth and young man,
but lived to a good old age. In these circumstances
Mrs. Wesley could not be expected to write letters,
and there is a long gap in her correspondence with
Samuel, which the father did his best to fill up.

70 SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER VIII.

FIRE AND PERIL.

CHARLES WESLEY'S infancy was longer than that of
most children, and he was still a helpless babe when,
on the night of the 9th of February 1709, Epworth
Rectory was burnt down. Mrs. Wesley wrote a short
account of this calamity to her eldest son at West-
minster five days afterwards, in fact as soon as she
had found shelter, rest, and clothing.

" DEAR SAMMY, " Epworth, Feb. 14th, 1708-9.

" When I received your letter, wherein you
complained of want of shirts, I little thought that in
so short a space we should all be reduced to the same
and indeed a worse condition. I suppose you have
already heard of the firing of our house, by what
accident we cannot imagine; but the fire broke out
about eleven or twelve o'clock at night, we being all
in bed, nor did we perceive it till the roof of the corn-
chamber was burnt through, and the fire fell upon
your sister Hetty's bed, which stood in the little room
joining upon it. She awaked, and immediately ran
to call your father who lay in the red chamber ; for,
I being ill, he was forced to lie from me. He says he

FIEE AND PERIL. 71

heard some crying ' Fire ! ' in the street before, but
did not apprehend where it was till he opened his
door ; he called at our chamber, and bade us all shift
for life, for the roof was falling fast, and nothing but
the thin wall kept the fire from the staircase.

" We had no time to take our clothes, but ran all
naked. I called to Betty to bring the children out
of the nursery ; she took up Patty, and left Jacky
to follow her, but he, going to the door and seeing
all on fire, ran back again. We got the street door
open, but the wind drove the flame with such violence
that none could stand against it. I tried thrice to
break through, but was driven back. I made another
attempt and waded through the fire, which did me no
other hurt than to scorch my legs and face. When I
was in the yard, I looked about for your father and the
children ; but, seeing none, concluded them all lost.
But, I thank God, I was mistaken. Your father
carried sister Emily, Sukey, aud Patty into the garden ;
then missing Jacky, he ran back into the house to see
if he could save him. He heard him miserably crying
out in the nursery, and attempted several times to
get up-stairs, but was beat back by the flames ; then
he thought him lost, and commended his soul to God,
and went to look after the rest. The child climbed
up to the window and called out to them in the yard ;
they got up to the casement and pulled him out just
as the roof fell into the chamber. Harry broke the
glass of the parlour window and threw out your sisters
Matty and Hetty ; and so, by God's great mercy, we
all escaped. Do not be discouraged, God will provide
for you.

" SUSANNA WESLEY.''

72 SUSANNA WESLEY.

One can imagine how rapidly the fire spread through
a house built only of timber and plaster, with a thatched
roof, and how difficult it was to get out with life and
limb safe, without stopping for clothes or wraps. A
day or two afterwards Mr. Wesley, who apparently was
unaware that his wife had summoned up strength and
energy to write to her eldest boy at Westminster,
wrote a more detailed account to the Duke of Buck-
ingham :

" Righteous is the Lord, and just in all His judg-
ments ! I am grieved that I must write what will,
I doubt, afflict your Grace, concerning your still
unfortunate servant. I think I am enough recollected
to give a tolerable account of it.

" On Wednesday last, at half an hour after eleven
at night, in a quarter of an hour's time or less, my
house at Epworth was burnt down to the ground
I hope, by accident, but God knows all. We had
been brewing, but had done all ; every spark of fire
quenched before five o'clock that evening at least
six hours before the house was on fire. Perhaps the
chimney above might take fire (though it had been
swept not long since) and break through into the
thatch. Yet it is strange I should neither see nor
smell anything of it, having been in my study in that
part of the house till above half an hour after ten.
Then I locked the doors of that part of the house
where my wheat and other corn lay, which was
threshed, and went to bed.

" The servants had not been in bed a quarter of an
hour when the fire began. My wife being near her
time, and very weak, I lay in the next chamber. A
little after eleven I heard ' Fire ! ' cried in the street,
next to which I lay. If I had been in my own chain-

FIRE AND PERIL. 73

ber as usual, we had all been lost. I threw myself
out of bed, got on my waistcoat and nightgown, and
looked out of the window; saw the reflection of the
flame, but knew not where it was ; ran to my wife's
chamber with one stocking on, and my breeches in
my hand; would have broken open the door, which
was bolted within, but could not. My two eldest
children (Susanna and Emilia) were with her. They
rose, and ran towards the staircase, to raise the rest
of the house. Then I saw it was our own house, all
in a light blaze, and nothing but a door between the
flame and the staircase.

" I ran back to my wife, who by this time had got
out of bed naked and opened the door. I bade her
fly for her life. We had a little silver and some gold
about 20. She would have stayed for it, but I
pushed her out ; got her and my two eldest children
down-stairs (where two of the servants were now got)
and asked for the keys. They knew nothing of them.
I ran up-stairs and found them, came down and opened
the street door. The thatch was fallen in all on fire.
The north-east wind drove all the sheets of flame in
my face, as if reverberated in a lamp. I got twice
on the steps, and was drove down again. I ran to
the garden door and opened it. The fire was there
more moderate. I bade them all follow but found
only two with me, and the maid with another
(Charles) in her arms that cannot go, but all naked.
I ran with them to my house of office in the garden,
out of the reach of the flames; put the least in the
other's lap; and, not finding my wife follow me, ran
back into the house to seek her. The servants and
two of the children were got out at the window.
In the kitchen I found my eldest daughter, naked,

74 SUSANNA WESLEY.

and asked her for her mother. She could not tell
me where she was. I took her up and carried her
to the rest in the garden ; came in the second time
and ran up-stairs, the flame breaking through the
wall at the staircase ; thought all my children were-
safe, and hoped my wife was some way got out. I
then remembered my books, and felt in my pocket
for the key of the chamber which led to my study
I could not find the key, though I searched a second
time. Had I opened that door, I must have perished.

" I ran down, and went to my children in the
garden, to help them over the wall. When I was with-
out, I heard one of my poor lambs, left still above
stairs, about six years old, cry out dismally, ' Help
me ! ' I ran in again to go up-stairs, but the stair-
case was now all afire. I tried to force up through
it a second time, holding my breeches over my head,,
but the stream of fire beat me down. I thought I
had done my duty ; went out of the house to that part
of my family I had saved, in the garden, with the
killing cry of my child in my ears. I made them all
kneel down, and we prayed God to receive his soul.

"I tried to break down the pales, and get my
children over into the street, but could not ; then
went under the flame, and got them over the walL
Now I put on my breeches and leaped after them.
One of my maid-servants that had brought out the
least child, got out much at the same time. She
was saluted with a hearty curse by one of the neigh-
bours, and told that we had fired the house ourselves,
the second time, on purpose. I ran about inquiring
for my wife and other children; met the chief man
and chief constable of the town going from my house,,
not towards it to help me. I took him by the hand

FIRE AND PERIL. 7$

and said, ' God's will be done ! ' His answer was :
' Will you never have done your tricks ? You fired
your house once before ; did you not get enough by
it then, that you have done it again ? ' This was cold
comfort. I said ' God forgive you ! I find you are
chief man still.' But I had a little better soon after y
hearing that my wife was saved, and then I fell on.
mother earth and blessed God. I went to her. She
was alive, and could just speak. She thought I had
perished, and so did all the rest, not having seen me
nor any share of eight children for a quarter of an
hour ; and by this time all the chambers and everything
was reduced to ashes, for the fire was stronger than a
furnace, the violent wind beating it down on the house.
She told me afterwards how she escaped. When I
went first to open the back door she endeavoured to
force through the fire at the fore door, but was struck
back twice to the ground. She thought to have died
there, but prayed to Christ to help her. She found
new strength, got up alone, and waded through two
or three yards of flame, the fire on the ground being
up to her knees. She had nothing on but her shoes
and a wrapping gown and one coat on her arm. This
she wrapped about her breast, and got safe through
into the yard, but no soul yet to help her. She never
looked up or spake till I came, only when they brought
her last child to her bade them lay it on the bed.
This was the lad whom I heard cry in the house, but
God saved him almost by a miracle. He only was
forgot by the servants in the hurry. He ran to the
window towards the yard, stood upon a chair, and
cried for help. There were now a few people gathered,
one of whom, who loves me, helped up another to the
window. The child seeing a man come into the

76 SUSANNA WESLEY.

window, was frightened, and ran away to get to his
mother's chamber. He could not open the door, so
ran back again. The man was fallen down from the
window, and all the bed and hangings in the room
where he was were blazing. They helped up the man
the second time, and poor Jacky leaped into his arms
and was saved. I could not believe it till I had kissed
him two or three times. My wife then said unto me,
* Are your books safe ? ' I told her it was not much
now she and all the rest were preserved, for we lost
not one soul, though I escaped with the skin of my
teeth. A little lumber was saved below stairs, but
not one rag or leaf above. We found some of the
silver in a lump, which I shall send up to Mr. Hoare
to sell for me.

" Mr. Smith of Gainsborough, and others, have sent
for some of my children. I have left my wife at
Epworth, trembling ; but hope God will preserve her,
and fear not but He will provide for us. I want nothing,
having above half ray barley saved in my barns un-
threshed. I had finished my alterations in the Life
of Christ a little while since, and transcribed three
copies of it. But all is lost. God be praised !

" I know not how to write to my poor boy (Samuel)
about it ; but 1 must, or else he will think we are all
lost. Can your Grace forgive this ? I hope my wife
will recover and not miscarry, but God will give me
my nineteenth child. She has burnt her legs, but they
mend. When I came to her, her lips were black. I
did not know her. Some of the children are a little
burnt, but not hurt or disfigured. I only got a small
blister on my hand. The neighbours send us clothes,
for it is cold without them.

" SAMUEL WESLEY."

FIRE AND PERIL. 77

The rector wrote pretty cheerfully considering how
great was the trial. The books which he had care-
fully collected one or two at a time, and paid for
with money which could only be spared by self-denial,
were only a little less dear than his children, and his
collection of Hebrew poetry and hymns was of con-
siderable value. A large number of letters from
friends and literary connections were also consumed,
as well as papers connected with the Annesley family
and the parish registers. One item alone was left,
and that was a hymn of six verses, written by Mr.
Wesley, and set to music by, as is supposed, either
Purcell or Dr. Blow. It is incorporated in the Metho-
dist hymn-book, and is the only specimen of the elder
Mr. Wesley's versification it contains : the opening
words are "Behold the Saviour of Mankind." Then
there was the well-worn though useful furniture, and
the clothes of all, the little store of money and the
indispensable comforts prepared for the expected
babe, all were swept away in a few minutes. The
children were scattered ; but Emilia, the eldest girl, who
was about seventeen, remained to take care of her
mother in the lodgings where she and her parents
were domiciled at Epworth, and became her patient
and cheerful nurse and constant companion for
nearly a year. She was an unusually well-educated
girl, having shared the lessons given by the father
to Samuel as long as he remained at home, and it
was intended that she should earn her own living
as soon as she was old enough, as a governess. She
loved her mother with the adoring fondness some-
times seen in an eldest daughter who is old enough
to sympathise with her parent's trials, and regarded
the months in which she had her almost to herself

78 SUSANNA WESLEY.

as one of the happiest times of her life. All day long
she was busy, but in the evening she read either
aloud or to herself, and was very happy and con-
tented.

In March 1709, about a month after the fire, Kezia
was born, and proved to be the last of Mrs. Wesley's
children. That she should be ailing and delicate was
only to be expected, considering what her mother,
who was just forty years of age, had gone through.

Five months later Mrs. Wesley, at the request of a
neighbouring clergyman, wrote to him a little further
account of the fire :

" Epworth, August 24th, 1709.

" On Wednesday night, February 9th, between the
hours of eleven and twelve, some sparks fell from the
roof of our house upon one of the children's feet. She
immediately ran to our chamber and called us. Mr.
Wesley, hearing a cry of fire in the street, started
up (as I was very ill he lay in a separate room from
me), and opening his door, found the fire was in his
own house. He immediately came to my room, and
bid me and my eldest daughters rise quickly and shift
for ourselves. Then he ran and burst open the
nursery-door, and called to the maid to bring out the
children. The two little ones were in the bed with
her; the three others in another bed. She snatched
up the youngest, and bid the rest follow, which the
three elder did. When we were got into the hall,
and were surrounded with flames, Mr. Wesley found
he had left the keys of the doors above-stairs. He
ran up and recovered them a minute before the stair-
case took fire. When we opened the street-door the
strong north-east wind drove the flames in with such

FIRE AND PERIL. 79

Tiolence that none could stand against them. But
some of our children got out through the windows,
the rest through a little- door into the garden. I
was not in a condition to climb up to the windows,
neither could 1 get to the garden door. I endeavoured
three times to force my passage through the street-
door, but was as often beat back by the fury of the
flames. In this distress I besought our blessed Saviour
for help, and then waded through the fire, naked as I
was, which did me no further harm than a little scorch-
ing my hands and face. When Mr. Wesley had seen
the other children safe, he heard the child in the
nursery cry. He attempted to go up the stairs, but
they were all on fire, and would not bear his weight.
Finding it impossible to give any help, he kneeled
down in the hall and recommended the soul of the
child to God.

" SUSANNA WESLEY/'

Man's extremity is God's opportunity; and John
Wesley believed that it was at the moment when his
father was thus recommending his spirit to the God
who gave it, that he awoke, and not before ; adding :
4< I did not cry, as they imagined, unless it was after-
wards. I remember all the circumstances as distinctly
as though it were but yesterday. Seeing the room
was very light, I called to the maid to take me up.
But none answering, I put my head out of the curtains
and saw streaks of fire on the top of the room. I
got up and ran to the door, but could get no further,
all beyond it being .in a blaze. I then climbed up
on the chest which stood near the window; one in
the yard saw me, and proposed running to fetch a
ladder. Another answered, ' There will not be time ;

80 SUSANNA WESLEY.

but I have thought of another experiment. Here, I
will fix myself against the wall, lift a light man and
set him upon my shoulders.' They did so, and he
took me out of the window. Just then the whole roof
fell in ; but it fell inward, or we had all been crushed
at once. When they brought me into the house where
my father was he cried out : ' Come, neighbours, let
us kneel down ; let us give thanks to God ! He has
given me all my eight children ; let the house go. I
am rich enough.' The next day, as he was walking
in the garden and surveying the ruins of the house,
he picked up part of a leaf of his Polyglot Bible, on
which just these words were legible : Vade : vende
omnia quo habes ; et attolle crucem, et sequere me"

There are not many discrepancies in the three
accounts ; for father, mother, and son were all clear-
headed people, and John Wesley's mind throughout
life was singularly free from anything like " muddle/ r
In fact the organization of Methodism is sufficient
proof of the accuracy with which his brain worked.
He neither forgot nor fancied, hasted nor rested, but
did everything with such well-aimed precision that his
rules and regulations were living forces instead of dry
bones.

The fire made more change in the lives of Susanna
and Hetty (Mehetabel) than in those of the other
children, for their uncles Samuel Annesley and Matthew
Wesley sent for them to come and stay in London ; and
then was laid the foundation of a very warm attach-
ment between the latter and his clever, sprightly
nieces. It does not appear, however, that they were
able to give much information of what followed the
calamity to their brother at Westminster, for in June
he wrote the following letter to his mother :

FIRE AND PERIL. 81

" St. Peter's College, Westminster,
" MADAM, June 9th, 1709.

" Had not my grandmother told me, the last
time I was there, that you were near lying-in, at
which time I thought it would be in vain to write
what you would not be able to read, I had sent you
letters over and over again before this. I beg, there-
fore, you will not impute it to my negligence, which
sure I can never be guilty of, while I enjoy what you
gave me life. My father lets me be in profound
ignorance as to your circumstances at Epworth, and
I have not heard a word from the country since the
first letter you sent me after the fire ; so that I am
quite ashamed to go to any of my relations for fear
of being jeered out of my life. They ask me whether
my father intends to leave Epworth. Whether he is
rebuilding his house ? Whether any contributions are
to be expected? What was the lost (last?) child, a
boy or a girl ? What was its name ? Whether my
father has lost all his books and papers ? If nothing
was saved ? To all of which I am forced to answer,
' I can't tell, I don't know ; I 've not heard.' I have
asked my father some of these questions, but am still
an ignoramus. If you think my ' Cowley ' and
' Hudibras ' worth accepting, I shall be very glad to
send them to my mother, who gave them to me. I
hope you are all well, as all are in town.

" Your most affectionate son,

"SAM WESLEY."

As the mother, just then, had more time than usual
on her hands, it is more than probable that she
answered her boy's questions, though her letter has

6

82 SUSANNA WESLEY.

not been preserved. She wrote to him again in the
autumn of the same year, as follows :

" Ep worth, October 1709.
" MY DEAR SAMMY,

" I hope that you retain the impressions of
your education, nor have forgot that the vows of God
are upon you. You know that the first-fruits are
Heaven's by an unalienable right, and that, as your
parents devoted you to the service of the altar, so you
yourself made it your choice when your father was
offered another way of life for you. But have you
duly considered what such a choice and such a dedica-
tion imports? Consider well what separation from
the world, what purity, what devotion, what exemplary
virtue, are required in those who are to guide others
to glory ! I say exemplary ; for low, common degrees
of piety are not sufficient for those of the sacred func-
tion. You must not think to live like the rest of the
world ; your light must so shine before men that they
may see your good works, and thereby be led to
glorify your Father which is in heaven. For my part,
I cannot see with what face clergymen can reprove
sinners, or exhort men to lead a good life, when they
themselves indulge their own corrupt inclinations, and
by their practice contradict their doctrine. If the
Holy Jesus be indeed their Master, and they are
really His ambassadors, surely it becomes them to
live like His disciples ; and, if they do not, what a sad
account must they give of their stewardship !

I would advise you, as much as possible in your
present circumstances, to throw your business into
a certain method, by which means you will learn to
improve every precious moment, and find an unspeak-

FIRE AND PERIL. 83

able facility in the performance of your respective
duties. Begin and end the day with Him who is the
Alpha and Omega, and if you really experience what
it is to love God, you will redeem all the time you
can for His more immediate service. I will tell you
what rule I used to observe when I was in my father's
house, and had as little, if not less liberty than you
have now. I used to allow myself as much time for
recreation as I spent in private devotion ; not that I
always spent so much, but I gave myself leave to go
so far but no farther. So in all things else, appoint so
much time for sleep, eating, company, &c. ; but, above
all things, my dear Sammy, I command you, I beg,
I beseech you, to be very strict in observing the
Lord's Day. In all things endeavour to act on
principle, and do not live like the rest of mankind, who
pass through the world like straws upon a river, which
are carried which way the stream or wind drives them.
Often put this question to yourself: Why do I this
or that ? Why do I pray, read, study, or use devo-
tion, &c. ? By which means you will come to such a
steadiness and consistency in your words and actions
as becomes a reasonable creature and a good Chris-
tian.

" Your affectionate mother,

"Sus. WESLEY.*'

Truly the mother set a high ideal before her son ;
and though he did not prove to be the genius and
divine of the family, she had her reward, in the way
in which most human wishes are fulfilled. Samuel
was always a good son and exemplary Christian, but it
was John who became an apostle and a power in the
world. Not the identical thing she desired from

6 *

84 SUSANNA WESLEY.

the very birth of her first man-child, and before it r
but a better blessing still.

Mrs. Wesley's letters to her daughters are not very
numerous, as of course they were at home with her,
while the boys were away at school and college. She,
however, wrote a very long one, in which was em-
bodied an exposition of the Apostle's Creed, to Susanna
while in London, during the year that followed the
fire:

"Epworth,
" DEAR SUKET, January 13th, 1709-10.

" Since our misfortunes have separated us from
each other, and we can no longer enjoy the oppor-
tunities we once had of conversing together, I can
no other way discharge the duty of a parent, or comply
with my inclination of doing you all the good I can
but in writing.

" You know very well how I love you. I love your
body, and do earnestly beseech Almighty God to bless
it with health, and all things necessary for its com-
fort and support in this world. But my tenderest
regard is for your immortal soul, and for its spiritual
happiness, which regard I cannot better express than
by endeavouring to instil into your mind those prin-
ciples of knowledge and virtue that are absolutely
necessary in order to your leading a good life here,
which is the only thing that can infallibly secure your
happiness hereafter.

"The main thing which is now to be done is to
lay a good foundation, that you may act upon prin-
ciples, and be always able to satisfy yourself and give
a reason to others of the faith that is in you ; for any-
one who makes a profession of religion only because

FIRE AND PERIL. 85

it is the custom of the country in which they live, or
because their parents do so, or their worldly interest
is thereby secured or advanced, will never be able
to stand in the day of temptation, nor shall they
-ever enter into the kingdom of Heaven. And though,
perhaps, you cannot at present comprehend all I shall
say, yet keep this letter by you, and as you grow in
years your reason and judgment will improve, and you
will obtain a more clear understanding in all things.

" You have already been instructed in some of the
first principles of religion : that there is one, and but
one God ; that in the unity of the Godhead there are
three distinct persons, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost ;
that this God ought to be worshipped. You have
learned some prayers, your creed and catechism, in
which is briefly comprehended your duty to God, your-
self, and your neighbour. But, Sukey, it is not learn-
ing these things by heart, nor your saying a few
prayers morning and night, that will bring you to
heaven ; you must understand what you say, and you
must practise what you know ; and since knowledge
is requisite in order to practice, I shall endeavour,
after as plain a manner as I can, to instruct you in
some of those fundamental points which are most
necessary to be known, and most easy to be under-
stood. And I earnestly beseech the great Father
of spirits to guide your mind into the way of truth.

" I cannot tell whether you have ever seriously con-
sidered the lost and miserable condition you are in by
nature. If you have not, it is high time to begin to
do it; and I shall earnestly beseech the Almighty

86 SUSANNA WESLEY.

to enlighten your mind, to renew and sanctify you
by His Holy Spirit, that you may be His child by
adoption here, and an heir of His blessed kingdom,
hereafter."

CHAPTER IX.

THE HOME EEBUILT.

THE Rector of Epworth was not a man to do things
by halves, and, even if he had been, the repair or re-
building of a parsonage is a matter that comes under
the notice of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and
must be done in what they consider a suitable style.
Queen Anne's reign was an era when red brick was
generally used for all new buildings of any preten-
sions, if we may go by the quaint, substantial houses
that in many English cities date from her time.

The foundations of the old abode were dug up, and
bricks were used for the walls instead of the former
lath and plaster. The house was probably not more
commodious than its predecessor, it would have been
a work of supererogation to have made it so ; but the
old parsonage, with its five bays, had contained ample
accommodation for a large family, and the new one
was quite equal to it. There were three stories ; that
is to say, dining-room, parlour, study, and domestic
offices on the ground floor, bed-rooms above, and a
large garret or loft over all. The house still stands,
and when a few months ago its walls were stripped for

88 SUSANNA WESLEY.

the purpose of being repapered, behold ! there came
to light, in one room, in Mrs. Wesley's own hand-
writing, the names, ages, and measurements of height
of all the children alive when the family took posses-
sion of the new house. Doubtless those who had been
away were much grown, and it was a matter of natural
parental interest to see exactly their respective heights.
Many fathers and mothers have taken such measures
of their boys and girls, and delighted in comparing
notes of their stature at various ages.

Fruit trees were planted to run over the front and
back of the new parsonage ; mulberry, cherry, and
pear-trees in the garden, and walnuts in the adjoining
field or croft. This was indeed planting for posterity !
The re-building seems to have been completed within
the year, and cost four hundred pounds, a terrible sum
of money for a poor clergyman who had no fire-
insurance company to help him. Then the children
were collected, and the mother once more resumed her
daily work of teaching them. It was not all such plain
sailing as before they had been scattered abroad ; she
found many bad habits to correct, and, besides, the dis-
cipline of home was broken through, and its bonds had
to be tightened and perhaps somewhat strained. Then
it was that she began the custom of singing a hymn
or psalm before beginning lessons in the morning or
after leaving them off in the afternoon ; and then, too,
she appears to have used, as text-books for religious
instruction, the expositions of the principles of re-
vealed religion, and of the being and perfections of
God, which she had written for her eldest son soon
after he went to Westminster, and those of the
Apostle's Creed and Ten Commandments, which she
had prepared during the year of comparative leisure

THE HOME REBUILT. 89

ishe spent in lodgings while the parsonage was being
rebuilt.

The Rector was away during a great part of the first
year spent by his wife and family in the new house.
His busy brain was never allowed to rust or vegetate,
and he was, of course, glad to earn whatever he could
by his pen.

Events of considerable political importance were
taking place in London during 1709, and, from various
causes, the Duke of Marlborough was losing his popu-
larity. The nation was getting tired of the war with
France, which Dean Swift declared had cost "six mil-
lions of supplies and almost fifty millions of debt"; and
Marlborough, who had long been in the position of a
"Tory man bringing in Whig measures," as Lord
Beaconsfield puts it, was accused of continuing the
struggle with Louis Quatorze for his own enrichment
and aggrandisement. The Tories regarded him as a
traitor to his party, and aggravated every little incident
that could strengthen their own power. Dr. Henry
Sacheverell, rector of St. Saviour, Southwark, was
a popular and prominent High Church clergyman of
the day, narrow-minded and violent, especially against
Dissenters. At the summer assizes at Derby he
preached a very exciting sermon before the judges,
and on the 5th of November, in St. Paul's Cathedral,
he declaimed in a most inflammatory manner against
toleration and the Dissenters, who were evidently his
pet aversion ; declared that the Church was in danger
from avowed enemies and false friends ; and altogether
raised such a commotion that his sermons, which were
published under the protection of the Lord Mayor
-and were widely circulated, were complained of to the
House of Commons as containing positions contrary

90 SUSANKA WESLEY.

to the principles of the Revolution, the Government,
and the Protestant succession. The two sermons,
which contained a great deal of abuse of prominent
personages, were voted scandalous and seditious libels;
and Dr. Sacheverell, being brought to the bar of the
House, acknowledged the authorship of them, and was
committed to the custody of the deputy usher of the
black rod, bail being refused at first, but afterwards
allowed. The trial came on in Westminster Hall on
the 27th of February, 1710, and lasted three weeks,
Queen Anne coming every day in a sedan-chair as a
spectator, and the populace thronging the hall and its
approaches, and behaving as though Sacheverell were a
saint and martyr. The excitement was so great that
it culminated in a riot, during which a good deal of
mischief was done, in consequence of which some ring-
leaders were arrested and, afterwards, tried for high
treason. The Queen, in her heart, favoured the Doc-
tor; her chaplains extolled him as the champion of
the Church ; and when his counsel had finished the
defence, he himself rose and delivered a speech, in
which he solemnly justified his intentions towards Her
Majesty and her Government, and spoke in most
respectful terms of the Revolution and the Protestant
succession. He maintained the doctrine of non-
resistance in all circumstances as a maxim of the
Church of England, and by many touches of pathos
endeavoured to excite the compassion of the audience.
That this speech was the composition of the Rector
of Epworth seems to have been universally recognised
in Lincolnshire, and, in after years, John Wesley de-
clared positively that his father was its author. Pro-
bably he was paid, in some shape or form, for preparing
it, although, perhaps, like an old war-horse, he scented

THE HOME REBUILT. 91

the battle from afar and did his share of the fighting
gratuitously.

Having proved himself so good a spokesman for
his party, the clergy of the diocese once more chose
him as their representative in Convocation; so he jour-
neyed to London in November 1710, ill as he could
afford it, and did so seven . winters successively, while
his family at home were in want of clothes, food, and,
in fact, of all the necessaries of life. Mrs. Wesley
suffered a great deal from weakness, and possibly from
the damp inevitable in a house inhabited before it
was properly seasoned; and, according to her daughter
Emilia, from insufficient nourishment and clothing.
No doubt the husband and father hoped that, being 1
in London, he should find literary employment, and
he might reasonably have looked for some pecuniary
help from the party he so zealously served.

In spite of weakness and weariness the mother
struggled on, and, in proportion as her family's little
comforts in this world decreased, her anxiety for their
happiness in a future state grew and strengthened. In
Mr. Wesley's absence Emilia, probably rummaging in
his study for a book to read, met with the account of
a Danish mission to Tranquebar, written by the two
devoted and saintly men who had worked in it. Mis-
sions were then uncommon, and the story brought
with it the thrill of a new interest, and diverted the
mother's thoughts from her own surroundings. Emilia,
who was a good reader her brother John said the best
he had ever heard, when the book happened to be
Milton's poems read it aloud, and Mrs. Wesley
herself told her husband how it affected her.

" Soon after you went to London," she wrote to
him, " Emilia found in your study the account of

92 SUSANNA WESLEY.

the Danish missionaries, which, having never seen, I
desired her to read to me. I was never, I think, more
affected with anything than with the relation of their
travels, and was exceedingly pleased with the noble
design they were engaged in. Their labours refreshed
my soul beyond measure, and I could not forbear
spending a good part of that evening in praising and
adoring the Divine goodness for inspiring those good
men with such ardent zeal for His glory. For some
days I could think and speak of little else. It then
came into my mind though I am not a man nor a
minister of the Gospel, yet if I were inspired with a
true zeal for His glory, and really desired the salvation
of souls I might do more than I do. I thought I
might live in a more exemplary manner, I might pray
more for the people, and speak with more warmth to
those with whom I have opportunity of conversing.
However, I resolved to begin with my own children,
and accordingly I proposed and observed the following
method : I take such a proportion of time as I can
best spare every night to discourse with each child
by itself, on something that relates to its principal (per-
sonal ?) concerns. On Monday I talk with Molly, on
Tuesday with Hetty, Wednesday with Nancy, Thurs-
day with Jacky, Friday with Patty, Saturday with
Charles; and with Emily and Sukey together on
Sunday/'

The result of her conversations with " Jacky " is
recorded in her Private Meditations under the heading
" Son John," and dated May 17th, 1711. So deeply
were the child's religious feelings worked upon that
his father allowed him to become a communicant when
only eight years old ; but the wisdom of thus exciting
a boy into precocious devotion at a time when nature

THE HOME REBUILT. 93

intends him to be simply a healthy young animal, may
be questioned. In this instance the reaction set in
soon after he left home for school, and from the age
of eleven to that of twenty-two he appears to have
been like other youths, and neither to have made any
special profession of religion, nor to have contemplated
going into the Church.

There is no doubt that from the time of settling
down in the new rectory and gathering together of
her flock, Mrs. Wesley and her husband, when at home,
concentrated their attention on John's education, that
he might start fairly and be a credit to himself and
them on entering a public school. He was a dispu-
tatious youngster, given to very cool deliberation and
much argument. One of his biographers says that
if asked between meals whether he would take a piece
of bread or fruit he would answer, with cool uncon-
cern, "I thank you, I will think of it" ; but this is
somewhat at variance with the mother's accepted rule
that no child was permitted to eat anything between
meals. His impetuous father was on one occasion
so far provoked with the boy that he exclaimed:
" Child, you think to carry everything by dint of argu-
ment ; but you will find how little is ever done in the
world by close reasoning." This characteristic love of
argument, which always makes a child trying to teach
and manage, is further illustrated by Mr. Wesley's
jocosely affectionate remark to his wife : " I profess,
sweetheart, I think our Jack would not attend to the
most pressing necessities of nature, unless he could
give a reason for it."

But whatever else Mrs. Wesley found to occupy her,
she still made time to write to her eldest son, even if
the letter were short ; and there is one epistle, dated

94 SUSANNA WESLEY.

soon after the re-assembling of the family, which
exhibits the only sign of petulance observable in her
correspondence :

"Epworth, April 7th, 1710.
~"DEAR SAMMY,

" I thought I should have heard from you ere
now, but I find you do not think of me as I do of you.
Indeed, I believe you would be very easy were you
never to hear from me more ; but I cannot be satisfied,
myself, without writing sometimes, though not so often
as I would.

" I have sent you a letter which I sent to your sister
Sukey at Gainsborough, which I would have you read
and copy it, if you have time. [This was probably the
exposition of the Apostles' Creed previously men-
tioned.]

"When I have my leisure, I think I cannot be better
employed than in writing something that may be
useful to my children ; and though I know there are
abundance of good books wherein these subjects are
more fully and accurately treated of than I can pre-
tend to write, yet I am willing to think that my
children will somewhat regard what I do for them,
though the performance be mean, since they know it
comes from their mother, who is, perhaps, more con-
cerned for their eternal happiness than anyone in the
world. As you had my youth and vigour employed in
your service, so I hope you will not despise the little
I can do in my declining years ; but will for my sake
carefully read these papers over, if it be but to put you
on a more worthy performance of your own.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

THE HOME REBUILT. 95

During the ensuing summer Samuel, then" twenty
years of age, and a scholar of whom Westminster
was justly proud, attracted the attention of Dr.
Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, and prebend of West-
minster, who had himself been a distinguished West-
minster scholar in his youth. He was old, and had a
kindly feeling for the boy whose grandfather had
been his own college friend, and whose father had
received ordination at his hands. He took him down
to his country house as reader. Samuel did not ap-
preciate his new position, and even complained of it
to his father, calling the Bishop " an unfriendly friend/'

His first patron soon died, and was succeeded in the
see of Rochester by Dr. Atterbury, Dean of West-
minster, who took quite as much interest in Samuel
as his predecessor had done, and won his affection
and partisanship so thoroughly that they endured
throughout life, undiminished by the circumstances
which ultimately led to the Bishop's exile. This pre-
late, when at Oxford, had been at Christ Church;
and it was by his advice and persuasion that Samuel
Wesley entered himself a student at that college in
1711. His father and mother must have been more
than mortal if they had not felt some amount of pride
in the boy, who had thus won the friendship of two
men who were ripe scholars as well as high dignitaries
of the Church. There is, however, no trace of exultation
on either side, and early in December Samuel wrote to
his mother a letter beginning "Dear Mother," in-
stead of the formal " Madam " of the period. This
seems to have touched her, and added warmth to the
epistle which the gravity of so great an impending
change as leaving school and going to Oxford called
forth :

96 SUSANNA, WESLEY.

" Thursday, December 28th, 1710.
DEAR SAMMY,

" I am much better pleased with the begin-
ning of your letter than with what you used to send
me, for I do not love distance or ceremony ; there is
more of love and tenderness in the name of mother
than in all the complimentary titles in the world.

" I intend to write to your father about your com-
ing down, but yet it would not be amiss for you to-
speak of it too. Perhaps our united desires may
sooner prevail upon him to grant our request, though
I do not think he will be averse from it at all."

This is the only time that Mrs. Wesley, in her
brave acceptance of the inevitable, alludes to a desire
to see the beloved son from whom she had been so long
separated.

" I am heartily glad that you have already received,
and that you design again to receive, the Holy Sacra-
ment; for there is nothing more proper or effectual
for the strengthening and refreshing the mind than
the frequent partaking of that blessed ordinance.

" You complain that you are unstable and incon-
stant in the ways of virtue. Alas ! what Christian
is not so too? I am sure that I, above all others,
am most unfit to advise in such a case ; yet, since I
cannot but speak something, since I love you as my
own soul, I will endeavour to do as well as I can ;
and perhaps while I write I may learn, and by instruct-
ing you I may teach myself.

"I am sorry that you lie under a necessity of
conversing with those that are none of the best ; but
we must take the world as we find it, since it is a.

THE HOME. REBUILT. 97

happiness permitted to a very few to choose their
company. Yet, lest the comparing yourself with
others that are worse may be an occasion of your
falling into too much vanity, you would do well some-
times to entertain such thoughts as these : ' Though
I know my own birth and education, and am conscious
of having had great advantages, yet how little do I
know of the circumstances of others. Perhaps their
parents were vicious, or did not take early care of their
minds, to instil the principles of virtue into their
tender years ; but suffered them to follow their own
inclinations till it was too late to reclaim them. Am
I sure that they have had as many offers of grace, as
many and strong impulses of the Holy Spirit, as I
have had ? Do they sin against as clear conviction
as I do? Or are the vows of God upon them as
upon me ? Were they so solemnly devoted to Him
at their birth as I was ? ' You have had the example
of a father who served God from his youth, arid
though I cannot commend my own to you, for it is too
bad to be imitated, yet surely earnest prayers for many
years, and some little good advice, have not been wanting.
" But if, after all, self-love should incline you to par-
tiality in your own case, seriously consider your own
many feelings, which the world cannot take notice of
because they were so private, and if still, upon compari-
son, you seem better than others are, then ask yourself
who it is that makes you to differ ; and let God have all
the praise, since of ourselves we can do nothing. It
is He that worketh in us both to will and to do of His
own good pleasure; and if, at any time, you have vainly
ascribed the glory of any good performance to your-
self, humble yourself for it before God, and give Him
the glory of His grace for the future.

7

98 SUSANNA WESLEY.

" I am straitened for paper and time, therefore
must conclude. God Almighty bless you and preserve
you from all evil. Adieu.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

Much of this letter has been omitted on account of
its being exclusively a theological dissertation. In-
deed, in none of Mrs. Wesley's epistles is religion
presented in a less attractive aspect, for she
represents God as a hard master dealing out strict
retribution to all who diverge from the straight and
exceedingly narrow path of righteousness. She would
surely have been a happier woman if her mental atti-
tude had been that of the German divine whose
evening prayer, after many hours of labour in his
Master's service, was, " Lord, all is as ever between
me and thee," before he lay down to his peaceful and
well-earned slumber.

There are only one or two hints of what took place
at Epworth during the years 1811 and 1812. Mrs.
Wesley must have employed a great deal of her leisure
in writing a manuscript containing sixty quarto pages,
entitled ' ' A Religious Conference between Mother and
Emilia/' on the outside of which were the texts, " I
write unto you, little children, of whom I travail in
birth again, until Christ be found in you," and " ' May
what is sown in weakness be raised in power.' Written
for the use of my children, 1711-12."

In the spring of April 1712, while Mr. Wesley was
away in London, five of the children had small-pox,
which was then a far more terrible scourge than in our
own day. The mother's hands must have been very full ;
but she seems never to have caught the infection, al-
though the family was visited by it at least on one other

THE HOME REBUILT. 99

occasion. She wrote to her absent husband: "Jack
bore his disease bravely, like a man, and indeed a Chris-
tian, without any complaint." It is probable either
that they had the complaint in a mild form, or that
some very effectual means were taken to prevent any
permanent traces being left ; for all the family had
the reputation of being good-looking, and no mention
is made by anyone, nor is there any lingering tradition,
of their being marked. It may be said, perhaps, that
in the absence of inoculation or vaccination this dis-
figurement was too common to excite any remark ;
but it must be remembered that Charles Wesley's wife
had the small-pox in 1753, when she lived at Bristol,
and, although she lay down a really handsome young
woman of six- and -twenty, she rose up from that bed
of sickness so disfigured as to become almost proverbial
for plainness throughout the rest of her life.

100 SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER X.

TEACHING IN PUBLIC.

CONFUSION as to dates was very common in the early-
part of the eighteenth century. From force of habit
people computed their time according to the Old Style ;
but on formal occasions, or when they thought of it,
the New Style was adopted. This may probably
account for the fact that the Rector of Ep worth is
said to have left behind him an unsatisfactory locum
tenens when he went to Convocation in November
1710, but that the correspondence it led to between
himself and his wife is dated February 1712.

The incident has hitherto been treated by every
biographer of the Wesley family in a purely religious
light, and the case has been stated as though the
curate left to do duty in the church and parish had
been a formalist of the driest order, and the congre-
gation has invariably been described as longing to
hear the " full Gospel " to which it had been accus-
tomed when the Rector himself occupied the pulpit.
This savours very much of the phraseology of " the

TEACHING IN PUBLIC. 101

people called Methodists," and, indeed, of the party
who in later times have styled themselves Evangeli-
cal. But when we read that the curate, who was
named Inman, preached perpetually to the flock on
the duty of paying their debts and behaving well
among their neighbours, it is impossible to forget that
Mr. Wesley had not always been able to pay his
debts, and was at that very moment terribly hampered
by them; that unseemly brawls had at exciting times
disturbed tbe peace of the little town ; and that for
political reasons, added to perpetual impecuniosity,
the Wesleys were not over-popular in the parish.
The better disposed among the people very possibly
complained that the curate's preaching was not in good
taste, and it cannot have been pleasant to Mrs. Wesley
that her family and servants should be obliged to
listen to him. This is at least as likely as that his
ministrations were considered " barren," and the flock
oraved for " fuller privileges." Whichever explanation
of the situation be accepted, certain it is that Mrs.
Wesley began to hold a service every Sunday evening
in the rectory kitchen for the benefit of her own
children and servants. A serving-man told his parents,
who asked permission to come ; others followed their
example till forty or fifty assembled ; and, whether the
motive were mere curiosity, or an ardent desire to
participate in the instruction given, it is said that the
numbers increased so rapidly that, by the end of
January 1711, two hundred were present at the home
service, and many were obliged to go away because
there was not even standing room. This is the univer-
sally received account, based on Mrs. Wesley's own
statements in a letter to her husband.

Good woman though she was, perhaps she exagge-

102 SUSANNA WESLEY.

rated a little, or perhaps when her congregation
became so large she adjourned to the barn or granary,
or some other roomy outbuilding. Certain it is that
the rectory kitchen remains the same size as it always
was ; and a very ardent Wesleyan, who has spent his
life in collecting particulars respecting the various
members of the Wesley clan, recently stood in it, and
expressed his opinion that it could not have accommo-
dated even forty persons. In summer-time, with open
windows, many might have stood outside, and joined
in the service going on within ; but in the depth of
winter that was impracticable. The story goes that
when Mr. Wesley returned, his parishioners complained
of the curate's shortcomings, and he thereupon re-
quested him to prepare a sermon for the following
Sunday morning on the text, " Without faith it is
impossible to please God," saying that he should make
a point of being present to hear it. Sunday came, and
Mr. Inman began : " Friends, faith is a most excellent
virtue, and it produces other virtues also. In particular
it makes a man pay his debts." In this strain he pro-
ceeded for a quarter of an hour, and the Rector consi-
dered the case fully proven. Possibly this conduct was
intentional impertinence ; possibly, as cash was scarce,
Mr. Inman's stipend was in arrears ; but the situation
was an extremely unpleasant one for all parties. Mrs.
Wesley took matters into her own hands in conducting
her home services, at which she always read a sermon,
and she distinctly told her husband that reading the
account of the Danish mission to Travancore stirred
her up to endeavour to do something more for the
parishioners as well as for her own family. He cer-
tainly wrote from London remonstrating with her,
and her reply is characteristically clear and lucid :

TEACHING IN PUBLIC. 103

"Epworth, February 6th, 1712.
" I heartily thank you for dealing so plainly and
faithfully with me in a matter of no common concern.
The main of your objections against our Sunday even-
ing meetings are, first, that it will look particular;
secondly, my sex ; and lastly, your being at present
in a public station and character ; to all which I shall
answer briefly.

" As to its looking particular, I grant it does ; and
so does almost everything that is serious, or that may
anyway advance the glory of God, or the salvation of
souls, if it be performed out of a pulpit, or in the way
of common conversation ; because, in our corrupt age,
the utmost care and diligence have been used to banish
all discourse of God or spiritual concerns out of society,
as if religion were never to appear out of the closet,
and we were to be ashamed of nothing so much as of
professing ourselves to be Christians.

" To your second, I reply that as I am a woman, so
I am also a mistress of a large family. And though
the superior charge of the souls contained in it lies
upon you, as head of the family, and as their minister,
yet in your absence I cannot but look upon every
soul you leave under my care as a talent committed
to me, under a trust, by the great Lord of all the
families of heaven and earth. And if I am unfaithful
to Him, or to you, in neglecting to improve these
talents, how shall 1 answer unto Him when He shall
command me to render an account of my steward-
ship ?

" As these and other such-like thoughts made me at
first take a more than ordinary care of the souls of
my children and servants ; so, knowing that our most
holy religion requires a strict observation of the Lord's

104 SUSANNA WESLEY.

day, and not thinking that we fully answered the end
of the institution by only going to church, but that
likewise we are obliged to fill up the intermediate
spaces of that sacred time by other acts of piety and
devotion, I thought it my duty to spend some part of
the day in reading to and instructing my family, espe-
cially in your absence, when, having no afternoon
service, we have so much leisure for such exercises ;
and such time I esteemed spent in a way more accept-
able to God than if I had retired to my own private
devotions.

"This was the beginning of my present prac-
tice ; other people coming in and joining us was
purely accidental. Our lad told his parents they
first desired to be admitted; then others who heard
of it begged leave also; so our company increased
to about thirty, and seldom exceeded forty last winter ;
and why it increased since I leave you to judge, after
you have read what follows."

Here comes in the account of finding the book
about the Danish Missions, and the result of perusing
it which have been previously quoted.

" With those few neighbours who then came to me
I discoursed more freely and affectionately than before.
I chose the best and most awakening sermons we had,
and I spent more time with them in such exercises.
Since this our company has increased every night,
for I dare deny none that asks admittance. Last
Sunday I believe we had over two hundred, and yet
many went away for want of room.

" But I never durst positively presume to hope that
God would make use of me as an instrument in doing
good ; the farthest I ever durst go was, ' It may be :
who can tell? With God all things are possible.

TEACHING IN PUBLIC. 105

I will resign myself to Him ' ; or, as Herbert better
expresses it :

Only, since God doth often make,
Of lowly matter, for high uses meet,

I throw me at His feet ;
There will I lie until my Maker seek
For some mean stuff whereon to show His skill ;

Then is my time.

" And thus I rested, without passing any reflection
on myself, or forming any judgment about the success
or event of this undertaking.

" Your third objection I leave to be answered by
your own judgment. We meet not on any worldly
design. We banish all temporal concerns from our
society ; none is suffered to mingle any discourse about
them with our reading or Singing; we keep close to
the business of the day, and as soon as it is over they
all go home. And where is the harm of this ? If 1
and my children went a-visiting on Sunday nights,
or if we admitted of impertinent visits, as too many
do who think themselves good Christians, perhaps
it would be thought no scandalous practice, though, in
truth, it would be so. Therefore, why any should
reflect upon you, let your station be what it will,
because your wife endeavours to draw people to the
church, and to restrain them, by reading and other
persuasions, from their profanation of God's most holy
day, I cannot conceive. But if any should be so mad
as to do it, I wish you would not regard it. For my
part, I value no censure on this account. I have long
since shook hands with the world, and I heartily wish
I had never given them more reason to speak against
me.

" As for your proposal of letting some other person

106 SUSANNA WESLEY.

read, alas ! you do not consider what a people these
are. I do not think one man among them could read
a sermon without spelling a good part of it ; and how
would that edify the rest ? Nor has any of our family
a voice strong enough to be heard by such a number
of people.

" But there is one thing about which I am most
dissatisfied; that is, their being present at family
prayers. I do not speak of any concern I am under,
barely because so many are present, for those who
have the honour of speaking to the great and holy
God need not be ashamed to speak before the whole
world ; but because of my sex, I doubt if it be proper
for me to present the prayers of the people to God.

" Last Sunday, I fain would have dismissed them
before prayers ; but they begged so earnestly to stay,
I durst not deny them.

" SUSANNA WESLEY/'

A letter from Mr. Ininan, requesting the Rector to
stop his wife's meetings, and saying that more people
attended them than came to church, must have
followed close on this epistle from Mrs. Wesley. The
reply of the rector to his wife does not seem to have
been preserved, but it must have been sent almost
immediately, for before the end of the month she again
wrote to him, but had evidently waited several day&
after the receipt of his answer before doing so :

"Epworth,
"DEAR HUSBAND, February 25th, 1712.

"Some days since, I received a letter from
you, I suppose dated the 16th instant, which I made
no great haste to answer, because I judged it

TEACHING IN PUBLIC.

necessary for both of us to take some time to con-
sider before you determine in a matter of such great
importance.

" I shall not inquire how it was possible that you
should be prevailed on by the senseless clamour of two
or three of the worst of your parish to condemn what
you so lately approved. But I shall tell you my
thoughts in as few words as possible. I do not hear
of more than three or four persons who are against
our meeting, of whom luman is the chief. He and
Whiteley, I believe, may call it a conventicle ; but we
hear no outcry here, nor has anyone said a word
against it to me. And what does their calling it a
conventicle signify ? Does it alter the nature of the
thing? Or do you think that what they say is a
sufficient reason to forbear a thing that has already
done much good, and may, by the blessing of God,
do much more ? If its being called a conventicle, by
those who know in their conscience they misrepresent
it, did really make it one, what you say would be some-
thing to the purpose ; but it is plain in fact that this
one thing has brought more people to church than
ever anything did in so short a time. We used not
to have above twenty or twenty-five at evening service,,
whereas we now have between two and three hundred,
which are more than ever came before to hear Inman
in the morning.

" Besides the constant attendance on the public
worship of God, our meeting has wonderfully con-
ciliated the minds of this people towards us, so that
now we live in the greatest amity imaginable, and,
what is still better, they are very much reformed in
their behaviour on the Lord's Day, and those who used
to be playing in the streets now come to hear a good

108 SU8AXNA WESLEY.

sermon read, which is surely more acceptable to
Almighty God.

" Another reason for what I do is that I have no
other way of conversing with this people, and there-
fore have no other way of doing them good ; but by
this I have an opportunity of exercising the greatest
and noblest charity, that is, charity to their souls.

" Some families who seldom went to church, now
go constantly, and one person who had not been
there for seven years is now prevailed upon to go with
the rest.

" There are many other good consequences of this
meeting which I have not time to mention. Now, I
beseech you, weigh all these things in an impartial
balance : on the one side the honour of Almighty God,
the doing much good to many souls, and the friend-
ship of the best among whom we live ; on the other
(if folly, impiety, and vanity may abide in the scale
against so ponderous a weight), the senseless objections
of a few scandalous persons, laughing at us, and cen-
suring us as precise and hypocritical ; and when you
have duly considered all things, let me have your posi-
tive determination.

" I need not tell you the consequences if you deter-
mine to put an end to our meeting. You may easily
perceive what prejudice it may raise in the minds
of these people against Inman especially, who has had
so little wit as to speak publicly against it. I can
now keep them to the church ; but if it be laid aside
I doubt they will never go to hear him more, at least
those who came from the lower end of the town.
But if this be continued till you return, which now
will not be long, it may please God that their hearts
may be so changed by that time that they may love

TEACHING IN PUBLIC.

and delight in His public worship so as never to
neglect it more.

" If you do, after all, think fit to dissolve this assem-
bly, do not tell me that you desire me to do it, for
that will not satisfy my conscience ; but send me your
positive command, in such full and express terms as
may absolve me from all guilt and punishment for
neglecting this opportunity of doing good, when you
and I shall appear before the great and awful tribunal
of our Lord Jesus Christ.

" SUSANNA WESLEY/'

This wise and temperate letter shows plainly that
there was no personal partisanship about its writer.
She was not anxious that the people should come to
her service instead of going to hear Mr. Inman, but
earnestly desired that they should go to the services,
conducted by him, for the honour of God and the
Church ; and also regarded herself as a stewardess,
keeping the flock together till such time as the Rector
could return. And it must be remembered that Mr.
Wesley was acknowledged to be one of the readiest
and best preachers of his day, so that his hearers
were somewhat spoilt, and resented having an inferior
man set over them during his absence. Whatever
may have been the motive that first led Mrs. Wesley
to hold private services, or that made the neighbours
wish to attend them, it is evident that closer contact
with the earnest high-souled woman, who held on her
stedfast way through evil as well as good report,
called forth a feeling of deep respect which ripened
in many instances into affection. All difficulties
ceased when Convocation rose, and Mr. Wesley re-
turned home to resume his ministrations in the parish
and in his own household.

110 SUSANNA WESLEY.

The next event in Mrs. Wesley's life was the part-
ing with her son John, who was placed at the
Charterhouse through the good offices of the Duke
of Buckingham, to whom his father and the circum-
stances of the family were well known. The mother
does not appear to have corresponded with him so
anxiously or frequently as with her elder son, or at
all events, if she did so, none of her letters have been
preserved. It is possible that she trusted him to
some extent to the fostering care of his brother at
Westminster, who was frequently able to see him, or
perhaps she did not think his disposition called for
such continual attention on her part. His father bade
him run three times round the garden every morning,
and he is said to have obeyed him dutifully, and he
was probably not less careful to observe his mother's
instructions as to his daily conduct and devotions.
He did not need any stimulus to study, for the love of
learning was part and parcel of his nature.

No letters written by Mrs. Wesley to her son Samuel
during the year he spent at Oxford are forthcoming,
nor is there any record of her feelings and sympathies
when he married in 1715. His wife was the daughter
of the Rev. John Berry, one of the masters at West-
minster, who took some of the scholars as boarders.
He loved her very dearly, and, being by that time
established as an usher in his old school, probably felt
justified in taking a wife. It is not likely that his
mother did not show a warm interest in this change
in his life, and it is well known that he continued to
be a most affectionate son, while his wife showed the
utmost kindness and right feeling to his young
brothers and to her mother-in-law. Samuel, junior,
was as fond of writing rhyme as his father had been

TEACHING IN PUBLIC. Ill

before him, and doubtless he described the nut-
brown maiden of his choice as eloquently in his
letters home as in the lines which describe her as one
who

" Made her little wisdom go
Further than wiser women do " ;

or more at length when he says :

" Her hair and skin are as the Berry, brown ;

Soft is her smile, and graceful is her frown ;

Her stature low, 'tis something less than mine ;

Her shape, though good, not exquisitely fine.

Though round her hazel eyes some sadness lies,

Their sprightly glances can sometimes surprise.

But greater beauties to her mind belong :

Well can she speak, and wisely hold her tongue.

In her, plain sense and humble sweetness meet :

Though gay, religious ; and though young, discreet.

Such is the maid, if I can judge aright,

If love or favour hinder not my sight.

Perhaps you '11 ask me how so well I know ?

I 've studied her, and I '11 confess it too.

I 've sought each inmost failing to explore ;

Though still the more I sought, I liked the more.

Oh, to see my Nutty smiling,

Time with amorous talk beguiling,

Love, her every action gracing,

Arms still open for embracing,

Looks to mutual bliss inviting,

Eyes delighted and delighting,

Spotless innocence preventing

After-grief and sad repenting ;

Neither doubting, both believing,

Transport causing and receiving ;

112 SUSANNA WE8LET.

Both with equal ardour moving,
Dearly loved, and truly loving.
Long may both enjoy the pleasure
Without guilt and without measure !

Only two children were born to the young couple,
the former of whom was named Samuel, after his
father and grandfather. Being the first grandchild,
he was thought a great deal of, and much grief was
felt when he died shortly before what would have
been his twenty-first birthday. The daughter was a
great favourite with her uncles, and attached herself
especially to Charles Wesley. She was known in the
family as " Phil."

113

CHAPTER XI.

THE SUPERNATUEAL NOISES.

THE subject of supernatural manifestations is one on
which mortals must agree to differ. One half of
humanity refuses to give credence to anything but
what it can see and handle, and regards those who
believe in spiritual influences of any kind as the dupes
and votaries of degrading superstition ; while the other
half has a deeply rooted, if indefinable, faith in second
sight, mysterious intuitions, and communications
from the unseen. The Apostle's Creed contains a
sentence which is frequently interpreted as embodying
belief in some kind of intercourse between the dead
and the living, and even between those who, though
absent from each other in the body, are present in the
spirit, when it states, "1 believe in the Communion
of Saints/' In this Mrs. Wesley had a firm faith,
having been heard by her son John, during her widow-
hood, to say, that she was often as fully persuaded
of her deceased husband's presence with her as if she
could see him with her bodily eyes. Her sons, in-
heriting her temperament to the full, always found
an irresistible attraction in the subject ; John iu-

8

114 SUSANNA WESLEY.

variably preached on it with great exaltation on All
Saints' Day, and declared that he was sometimes so
vividly aware of the presence of those he loved who
had crossed the dark river before him, that he had
turned round expecting to see them ; and anyone
acquainted with Charles Wesley's hymns must observe
that they are frequently instinct with the same faith.

Persons who see signs and visions, and hear sounds
inaudible to others, are always highly strung, sensitive,
and emotional. They are almost invariably individuals
who, from choice or necessity, are extremely abstemious
(not to say underfed), and in whom the veil of flesh
is thin, while the mental and spiritual faculties are
abnormally developed. This description applied to all
the Wesleys, so that they were exactly the kind of
people to accept and believe in occult influences.

The first impression produced on Mrs. Wesley's
mind by the extraordinary noises which were heard at
Epworth Rectory in December 1816, when only her-
self, her husband, and her daughters were at home, was
that they betokened that death, or some calamity, had
befallen one or other of the absent boys. Charles, by
this time, was at Westminster School, though only
eight years old, Samuel having sent for him, con-
sidering that he could best relieve the family burdens
by undertaking the maintenance and education of his
youngest brother. Little Charles was a plucky boy,
and remarkably ready with his fists; and, perhaps,
mother-like, Mrs. Wesley was always anxious lest
harm should come to him. In after days, and when
assured of the safety of her own children, she con-
nected the first noises with the death of her brother
in India, who ceased to be heard of about that time.
But as the sounds continued during many years, and

THE SUPERNATURAL NOISES. 115

"were, in fact, audible to some of the family throughout
life, they must have applied to many occurrences, if
indeed they were of the nature attributed to them by
the hearers. The first account of the disturbances
was written by Mrs. Wesley herself to her son Samuel,
and it was at his request that his sisters and father
also recorded what they had themselves experienced.
Mrs. Wesley's letter is very circumstantial :

SAM, " January 12th, 1716-17.

" This evening we were agreeably surprised with
your pacquet, which brought the welcome news of
your being alive, after we had been in the greatest
panic imaginable, almost a month, thinking either you
was dead, or one of your brothers, by some misfortune,
(had) been killed.

" The reason of our fears is as follows : On the
1st of December our maid heard, at the door of the
dining-room, several dismal groans, like a person in
extremes at the point of death. We gave little heed
to her relation, and endeavoured to laugh her out of
her fears. Some nights (two or three) after, several
of the family heard a strange knocking in divers
places, usually three or four knocks at a time, and then
staying a little. This continued every night for a fort-
night ; sometimes it was in the garret, but most com-
monly in the nursery or green chamber. We all heard
it but your father ; and I was not willing he should
be informed of it, lest he should fancy it was against
his own death, which, indeed, we all apprehended.
But when it began to be so troublesome, both night
and day, that few or none of the family durst be alone,
I resolved to tell him of it, being minded he should
speak to it. At first he would not believe but some-

8 *

116 SUSANNA WESLEY.

body did it to alarm us ; but the night after, as soon
as he was in bed, it knocked loudly nine times, just
by his bedside. He rose, and went to see if he could
find out what it was, but could see nothing. After-
wards he heard it as the rest.

" One night it made such a noise in the room over
our heads, as if several people were walking, then ran
up and down stairs, and was so outrageous that we
thought the children would be frighted ; so your
father and I rose and went down in the dark to light
a candle. Just as we came to the bottom of the broad
stairs, having hold of each other, on my side there
seemed as if somebody had emptied a bag of money
at my feet ; and on his, as if all the bottles under the
stairs (which were many) had been dashed in a thou-
sand pieces. We passed through the hall into the
kitchen, and got a candle, and went to see the chil-
dren, whom we found asleep.

"The next night your father would get Mr. Hoole to
lie at our house, and we all sat together till 1 or
2 o'clock in the morning, and heard the knocking as
usual. Sometimes it would make a noise like the
winding up of a jack, at other times, as that night
Mr. Hoole was with us, like a carpenter planing
deals ; but most commonly it knocked thrice and
stopped, and then thrice again, and so, many hours
together. We persuaded your father to speak, and
try if any voice would be heard. One night, about
6 o'clock, he went into the nursery in the dark, and
at first heard several deep groans, then knocking.
He adjured it to speak, if it had power, and tell him
why it troubled his house ; but no voice was heard,
but it knocked thrice aloud. Then he questioned it if
it were Sammy, and bid it, if it were, and could not

TSE SUPERNATURAL NOISES. 117

speak, knock again; but it knocked no more that
night, which made us hope it was not against your
death.

"Thus it continued till the 28th of December, when
it loudly knocked (as your father used to do at the
gate) in the nursery and departed. We have various
conjectures what this may mean. For my own part,
I fear nothing now you are safe at London hitherto,
and I hope God will still preserve you ; though some-
times I am inclined to think my brother is dead. Let
me know your thoughts on it.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

Samuel Wesley was very much impressed by this
letter, and wrote to both his parents in reply, asking
the minutest questions, as to the possibility of rats,
mice, or other animals having caused the noises,
whether there were fresh servants, &c., and request-
ing that his father would write, that Mr. Hoole would
favour him with an account, and that each of his
sisters would give her version of what had taken place.
It is evident that he had a firm belief in the super-
natural origin of the disturbance, and wished to have
it confirmed. This called forth a second letter from
his mother :

SAM, "January 25th or 27th, 1716-17.

" Though I am not one of those that will
believe nothing supernatural, but am rather inclined
to think there would be frequent intercourse between
good spirits and us, did not our deep lapse into sensu-
ality prevent it, yet I was a great while ere I could
credit anything of what the children and servants
reported concerning the noises they heard in several

118 SUSANNA WESLEY.

parts of our house. Nay, after I had heard them my-
self, I was willing to persuade myself and them that
it was only rats or weasels that disturbed us; and,
having been formerly troubled with rats, which were
frightened away by sounding a horn, I caused a horn
to be procured, and made them blow it all over the
house. But, from that night they began to blow, the
noises were more loud and distinct, both day and
night, than before ; and that night we rose and went
down, and I was entirely convinced that it was beyond
the power of any human creature to make such strange
and various noises.

" As to your questions, I will answer them particu-
larly; but, withal, I desire my answers may satisfy
none but yourself, for I would not have the matter
imparted to any. We had both man and maid new
this last Martinmas, yet I do not believe either of them
caused the disturbance, both for the reason above
mentioned and because they were more affrighted than
anybody else. Besides, we have often heard the
noises when they were in the room by us ; and the
maid, particularly, was in such a panic that she was
almost incapable of all business, nor durst ever go
from one room to another, or stay by herself a minute
after it began to be dark.

" The man, Robert Brown, whom you well know, was
most visited by it, lying in the garret, and has often
been frighted down barefoot, and almost naked, not
daring to stay alone to put on his clothes ; nor do
I think, if he had power, he would be guilty of such
villainy. When the walking was heard in the garret,
Robert was in bed in the next room, in a sleep so
sound that he never heard your father and me walk
up and down, though we walked not softly, I am sure..

THE SUPERNATURAL NOISES. 119

All the family has heard it together, in the same
room, at the same time, particularly at family prayers.
It always seemed to all present in the same place at
the same time, though often, before any could say it
is here, it would remove to another place.

"All the family, as well as Robin, were asleep when
your father and 1 went down-stairs, nor did they wake
in the nursery when we held the candle close by them,
only we observed that Hetty trembled exceedingly
in her sleep, as she always did before the noise awaked
her. It commonly was nearer her than the rest,
which she took notice of, and was much frightened,
because she thought it had a particular spite at her.
I could multiply particular instances, but I forbear.
I believe your father will write to you about it shortly.

" Whatever may be the design of Providence in
permitting these things, I cannot say. Secret things
belong to God; but I entirely agree with you, that it
is our wisdom and duty to prepare seriously for all
events.

"S. WESLEY."

The second daughter, commonly called Sukey, wrote
substantially the same account to her brother, but adds
that the door-latch and warming-pan rattled beside
her bed, and continues : " It is now pretty quiet, only
at our repeating the prayers for the king and prince,
when it usually begins, especially when my father says
' Our most gracious Sovereign Lord,' &c. This my
father is angry at, and designs to say three instead of
two for the Royal Family. We all heard the same
noise, and at the same time, and as coming from the
same place. To conclude this, it now makes its per-
sonal appearance; but of this more hereafter.' Of

120 SUSANNA WESLEY.

course this letter made Samuel more curious than
ever, and he wrote begging for further information,
and gravely asked his mother, " Have you dug in the
place where the money seemed poured at your feet ? "
To his father he observed, " if the noises bode any-
thing to our family, I am sure I am a party con-
cerned." It was some time before the Rector could
be persuaded to answer his son's inquiries, but at last
he enclosed a few lines with a long letter from Emilia,
which gave some particulars not mentioned by anyone
else :

" DEAR SAM, " February llth, 1716-17.

" As for the noises, &c. in our family, I thank
God we are now all quiet. There were some sur-
prising circumstances in that affair. Your mother has
not written you a third part of it. When I see you
here you shall see the whole account, which I wrote
down. It would make a glorious penny book for Jack
Dunton ; but while I live I am not ambitious for any
thing of that nature. I think that 's all, but blessings,
from

"Your loving father,

" SAM WESLEY."

Emilia described the sound as hollow and different
to anything else, and said : " It would answer to my
mother, if she stamped on the floor and bade it. It
would knock when I was putting the children to bed,
just under me, where I sat. One time little Kezy,
pretending to scare Patty, as I was undressing them,
stamped with her foot on the floor, and immediately
it answered with three knocks, just in the same place.
It was more loud and fierce if anyone said it was rats,

THE SUPERNATURAL NOISES. 121

or anything natural." The young lady also described
how something resembling a white rabbit or a badger
had been seen in the house, and asserted her opinion
that it was witchcraft, adding that her father had been
preaching " warmly " against the custom prevalent in
the parish of consulting cunning men, shortly before
the rappings and other manifestations at his own
house.

Ventriloquism and occult phenomena were not un-
known even in the days of George the First, to those
who posed as wizards and soothsayers ; and the notion
that some one or other of these cunning me a were
paying the rector out for robbing them of their gains
by denouncing the practice of consulting them from
the pulpit, cannot but suggest itself to the profane and
unbelieving mind of this nineteenth century. But the
Wesleys, and many of their biographers, took these
wonders seriously, and firmly believed that they had
beneficial effects on the minds of some of the family.

One incident marvellously like our modern table-
turning was chronicled by Sukey, who wrote to her
brother how " last Sunday, to my father's no small
amazement, his trencher danced upon the table a pretty
while, without anybody's stirring the table, when lo !
an adventurous wretch took it up, and spoiled the
sport, for it remained still ever after."

Samuel probably continued to ask questions, for on
March 27th Mrs. Wesley wrote to him : " I cannot
imagine how you should be so curious about our un-
welcome guest. For my part, I am quite tired with
hearing or speaking of it ; but when you come among
us you will find enough to satisfy all your scruples,
and perhaps may hear or see it yourself."

Mr. Wesley himself wrote a detailed account of

122 SUSANNA WESLEY.

everything that took place, and the following are the
most remarkable passages.

" When we were at prayers, and came to the prayers
for King George and the Prince, it would make a
great noise over our heads constantly, whence some of
the family called it a Jacobite. I have been thrice
pushed by an invisible power, once against the corner
of my desk in the study, a second time against the
door of the matted chamber, and a third time against
the right side of the frame of my study door, as I
was going in.

" This day (January 24) at morning prayer, the
family heard the usual knocks at the prayer for the
King. At night they were more distinct, both in the
prayer for the King and that for the Prince ; and one
very loud knock at the Amen was heard by my wife
and most of my children, at the inside of my bed.

" On Friday the 25th, having prayers at church, I
shortened, as usual, those in the family at morning,
omitting the confession, absolution and prayers for the
King and Prince. I observed, when this is done, there
is no knocking. I therefore used them one morning
for a trial ; at the name of King George it began to
knock, and did the same when I prayed for the Prince.
Two knocks I heard, but took no notice after prayers
till after all who were in the room, ten persons besides
me, spoke of it, and said they heard it. No noise at
all the rest of the prayers.

" Sunday, January 27th. Two soft knocks at the
morning prayers for King George, above stairs."

THE SUPERNATURAL NOISES. 123

There was something wonderfully like human
agency in all this, especially when Mrs. Wesley's
Jacobite proclivities are remembered. Imagination,
perhaps, caused the girls to think that the latches of
their doors were uplifted and their beds heaved up-
from underneath. It is, moreover, on record that the
phenomena were almost always accompanied by the
change and rising of the wind. Everyone who
knows how servants and ignorant rustics are in the
habit of out- Heroding Herod when there is anything
mysterious afloat will take the statements of Robin
Brown, the man-servant, for what they were worth.
He heard gobbling like a turkey-cock, and something
stumbling among his boots and shoes, saw an uncanny
little beast resembling a white rabbit, and once, when
grinding corn in a handmill, declared that the handle
went round vigorously when the mill was empty and
he was not touching it.

The fear shown by the mastiff" whenever the noises
began was very curious. A memorandum written by
John Wesley records that " the first time my mother
ever heard any unusual noise at Epworth was long
before the disturbance of Old Jeffery." This was the
name given by the girls to the intruding agency
f: My brother, lately come from London, had one
evening a sharp quarrel with my sister Sukey, at which
time, my mother happening to be above in her own.
chamber, the door and windows rang and jarred very
loud, and presently three distinct strokes, three by
three, were struck. From that night it never failed
to give notice in much the same manner against any
signal misfortune, or illness of any belonging to the
family." Emilia, writing thirty-four years afterwards
to one of her brothers, declared that Jeftery " never

124 SUSANNA WESLEY.

failed to visit her when any fresh trouble was
coming."

This, then, is the history of the Ep worth
ghost. It reads rather puerile and silly, and perhaps
would have been so regarded by the family, had not
the rappings of the spirit appeared to justify or chime
in with the Jacobite prejudices of Mrs. Wesley. She
had implanted them very deeply in the mind of her
eldest son; and his connection with and friendship for
Dr. Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, fostered them.
A few years later, in 1722, Atterbury, who was a dis-
tinguished High Churchman, and indulged in implac-
able animosity towards the House of Hanover, was
implicated in a conspiracy which had for its object the
placing of the Chevalier de St. George, that is to say
the " Old Pretender," on the English throne, and was
consequently tried at the Bar of the House of Lords,
deprived of his see, and banished the kingdom for
ever. He was a restless spirit and unpopular among
his brother bishops, and, as Samuel Wesley was a
writer of squibs and invectives, both in prose and
rhyme, against the Whig party, there is no doubt
that he did so with his patron's approval and at his
instigation. Samuel was also on intimate terms with
the Earl of Oxford, Pope, Swift, and Prior, all of whom
.were of Jacobite proclivities. The fall of Bishop
Atterbury did not make any immediate difference to
the Westminster usher ; but when changes took place
in the great school, and he looked for promotion, he
was simply left out in the cold. The Earl of Oxford
used his influence and procured for him the head-
mastership of the Tiverton Grammar School, where he
spent the remainder of his life. He maintained a
close correspondence with the exiled bishop and his

THE SUPERNATURAL NOISES. 125

family, and never changed his political opinions, as
may oe seen by a glance at his collected poems, which
were reprinted as lately as 1862.

The last words Mrs. Wesley is known to have written
on the supernatural were in 1719, in answer to a
letter from John Wesley, who gave extraordinary cre-
dence to stories of ghosts and apparitions ; he was then
at Oxford, where he was interested in a haunted house
in the neighbourhood. The special subject of his
epistle was to describe how a Mr. Barnesley and two
other undergraduates had recently met a wraith in
the fields, and afterwards ascertained that Barnesley's
mother had died in Ireland at the very moment of
the spectre's appearance. Mrs. Wesley's reply was
temperate, and even guarded :

"DEAR JACKY,

"The story of Mr. Barnesley has afforded me
many curious speculations. T do not doubt the fact ;
but I cannot understand why these apparitions are
permitted. If they were allowed to speak to us, and
we had strength to bear such converse if they had
commission to inform us of anything relating to their
invisible world that would be of any use to us in this
if they would instruct us how to avoid danger, or put
us in a way of being wiser and better, there would be '
sense in it ; but to appear for no end that we know
of, unless to frighten people almost out of their wits,
seems altogether unreasonable.

"S. WESLEY."

It was a very curious circumstance that about a
hundred years after the Wesley s had ceased to have

]26 SUSANNA WESLEY.

any connection with Epworth, strange noises were
heard in the Rectory; and the then incumbent,
not being able to trace or account for them, went
away with his family and resided abroad for some
time.

127

CHAPTER XII.

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES.

MBS. WESLEY, it will be remembered, had a brother,
Samuel Annesley, who went to India, which, in those
days, was regarded almost as live-long banishment.
He left a wife and perhaps young children behind him,
who seem to have resided at Shore House, Hackney,
a fine old red brick residence which was in the fields
when Jane Shore lived there, and was approached by
her royal lover by a footpath from the main road,
known for many generations as King Edward's Path,
but now widened and built over, and called King
Edward's Road. Shore House is well remembered by
numbers of people still living, but it has shared the
fate of so many similar edifices, and been pulled down,
the old bricks being used in the erection of small
villas built over what was once a fertile and well-
stocked garden, and forming a short thoroughfare
called Shore Road. Samuel Annesley must have been
in fairly prosperous circumstances to have established
his family at Shore House, and it is nearly certain
that after the fire at Epworth Rectory one or two of
his nieces stayed with them for a time, and produced

128 SUSANNA WESLEY.

a favourable impression. In going out to India Mr.
Annesley hoped to amass a fortune, and is supposed
to have done so, though at the time he was expected
to return to England he was lost sight of, and no-
intelligence of his fate, nor any of the money he had
obtained, ever reached his relatives. About 1712-13
he wrote to Mr. Wesley, requesting that he would act
as his agent in England with the East India Company ;
and after some hesitation Mr. Wesley accepted the
post, hoping, with the assistance of his son at West-
minster, to be able to do so satisfactorily. He was
not, however, a man of business, and as soon as his
brother-in-law discovered this, he transferred the
agency to someone else. Mr. Annesley not unnatu-
rally wrote to his sister, complaining of her husband's
short-lived administration of his affairs, and she as
naturally showed a wifely spirit in defending him.
Letters in those days took a great while to go and
come, and a long and interesting letter from Mrs.
Wesley to her brother, was written on her birthday,
and gives us one of the few glimpses we have at the
then condition of her family :

" SIR, " Epworth, Jan. 20th, 1721-2.

"The unhappy differences between you and
Mr. Wesley have prevented my writing for some
years, not knowing whether a letter from me would
be acceptable, and being unwilling to be troublesome.
But feeling life ebb apace, and having a desire to be at
peace with all men, especially you, before my exit, I
have ventured to send one letter more, hoping you
will give yourself the trouble to read it without pre-
judice.

" I am, I believe, got on the right side of fifty,

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 129

infirm and weak ; yet, old as I am, since I have taken
my husband ' for better or for worse/ I '11 take my
residence with him, ' where he lives will I live, and
where he dies will I die, and there will I be buried.
God do so to me, and more also, if aught but death
part him and me.' Confinement is nothing to one
that by sickness is compelled to spend great part of
her time in a chamber ; and I sometimes think that
if it were not on account of Mr. Wesley and the
children, it would be perfectly indifferent to my soul
whether she ascended to the supreme Origin of being
from a jail or a palace, for God is everywhere :

No walls, nor locks, nor bars, nor deepest shade,
Nor closest solitude excludes His presence ;
And in what place soever He vouchsafes
To manifest His presence, there is heaven.

And that man whose heart is penetrated with
Divine love, and enjoys the manifestations of God's
blissful presence is happy, let his outward condition
be what it will. He is rich, as having nothing, yet
possessing all things. This world, this present state
of things, is but for a time. What is now future will
'be present, as what is already past once was; and
then, as Mr. Pascal observes, a little earth thrown on
our cold head will for ever determine our hopes and
our condition ; nor will it signify much who personated
the prince or the beggar, since, with respect to the
exterior, all must stand on the same level after death.

" Upon the best observation I could ever make,
I am induced to believe that it is much easier to be
contented without riches than with them. It is so
natural for a rich person to make his gold his god
(for whatever a person loves most, that thing, be it
what it will, he will certainly make his god) ; it is

9

130 SUSANNA WESLEY.

so very difficult not to trust in, not to depend on it
for support and happiness, that I do not know one
rich man in the world with whom I would exchange
conditions.

" You say, ' I hope you have recovered your loss
by fire long since.' No, and, it is to be doubted, never
shall. Mr. Wesley rebuilt his house in less than
one year, but nearly thirteen years are elapsed since
it was burned, yet it is not half furnished, nor his
wife and children half clothed to this day. It is true
that by the benefactions of his friends, together with
what he had himself, he paid the first ; but the latter
is not paid yet, or, what is much the same, money
which was borrowed for clothes and furniture is yet
unpaid. You go on : ' My brother's living of .300
a year, as they tell me.' They, who ? I wish those
who say so were compelled to make it so. It may
be as truly said that his living is 10,000 a year as
300. I have, Sir, formerly laid before you the true
state of affairs. I have told you that the living was
always let for 160 a year ; that taxes, poor assess-
ments, sub-rents, tenths, procurations, synodals, &c.,
took up nearly 30 of that moiety, so that there
needs no great skill in arithmetic to compute what
remains.

" What we shall or shall not need hereafter God
only knows, but at present there hardly ever was a
greater coincidence of unprosperous events in one
family than is now in ours. I am rarely in health,
Mr. Wesley declines apace; my dear Emily, who in
my present exigencies would greatly comfort me, is
compelled to go to service in Lincoln, where she is
a teacher in a boarding-school; my second daughter
Sukey, a pretty woman, and worthy a better fate,

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 131

when by your last unkind letters she perceived that
all her hopes in you were frustrated, rashly threw
herself away upon a man (if a man he may be called
who is little inferior to the apostate angels in wicked-
ness) that is not only her plague, but a constant
affliction to the family. Oh, Sir ! oh, brother ! happy,
thrice happy are you, happy is my sister, that buried
your children in infancy, secure from temptation,
secure from guilt, secure from want or shame, or loss
of friends ! They are safe beyond the reach of pain
or sense of misery ; being gone hence, nothing can
touch them further. Believe me, Sir, it is better to
mourn ten children dead than one living, and I have
buried many. But here I must pause awhile.

" The other children, though wanting neither indus-
try nor capacity for business, we cannot put to any,
by reason we have neither money nor friends to assist
us in doing it ; nor is there a gentleman's family near
us in which we can place them, unless as common
servants, and that even yourself would not think them
fit for, if you saw them ; so that they must . stay at
home, while they have a home, and how long will
that be ? Innumerable are other uneasinesses, too
tedious to mention, insomuch that, what with my own
indisposition, my master's infirmities, the absence of
my eldest, the ruin of my second daughter, and the
inconceivable distress of all the rest, I have enough
to turn a stronger head than mine. And were it not
that God supports, and by His omnipotent goodness
often totally suspends all sense of worldly things, I
could not sustain the weight many days, perhaps
hours. But even in this low ebb of fortune, I am
not without some kind interval. Unspeakable are
the blessings of privacy and leisure, when the mind

9 *

132 SUSANNA WESLEY.

emerges from the corrupt animality to which she is
united, and, by a flight peculiar to her nature, soars
beyond the bounds of time and place in contempla-
tion of the Invisible Supreme, whom she perceives
to be her only happiness, her proper centre, in whom
she finds repose inexplicable, such as the world can
neither give nor take away.

" The late Archbishop of York once said to me
(when my master was in Lincoln Castle) among other
things, ' Tell me/ said he, ' Mrs. Wesley, whether
you ever really wanted bread ? ' ' My lord/ said I,
' I will freely own to your Grace, that, strictly speak-
ing, I never did want bread. But then I had so
much care to get it before it was eat, and to pay for
it after, as has often made it very unpleasant to me ;
and, I think, to have bread on such terms is the next
degree of wretchedness to having none at all.' * You
are certainly in the right/ replied my lord, and
seemed for a while very thoughtful. Next morning
he made me a handsome present, nor did he ever
repent having done so. On the contrary, I have
reason to believe it afforded him comforting reflections
before his exit/'

A passage in which Mrs. Wesley declares that her
husband had done his disinterested best with regard
to Mr. Annesley's business, even if he had not under-
stood the wisest way of managing affairs, has here by
common consent been omitted. She proceeds :

" These things are unkind, very unkind. Add not
misery to affliction ; if you will not reach out a friendly
hand to support, yet, I beseech you, forbear to throw
water on a people already sinking.

" But I shall go on with your letter to me. You
proceed : ' When I come home ' oh, would to God

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 133

that might ever be ! ' should any of your daughters
need me ' as I think they will not ' I shall do as
God enables me ! ' I must answer this with a sigh
from the bottom of my heart. Sir, you know the
proverb, ' While the grass grows, the steed starves/
That passage relating to Ansley I have formerly
replied to ; therefore I '11 pass it over, together with
some hints I am not willing to understand. You go
on: 'My brother has one invincible obstacle to my
business, his distance from London/ Sir, you may
please to remember I put you in mind of this long
since. ' Another hindrance : I think he is too zealous
for the party he fancies in the right, and has unluckily
to do with the opposite faction/ Whether those you
employ are factious or not, I '11 not determine, but
very sure I am Mr. Wesley is not so ; he is zealous
in a good cause, as everyone ought to be, but the
farthest from being a party man of any man in the
world/'

Here blazes out for a moment the keen partizanship
of the woman who acknowledged the Divine Right of the
" King over the water" and of no other. The remainder
of the letter shows that she was not one of those who
are blind to the shortcomings of a husband, and also
proves how completely she understood that he had
not found the exact niche in life which his talents and
energies best fitted him to fill.

" ' Another remora is, these matters are out of his
way/ That is a remora indeed, and ought to have
been considered on both sides before he entered on
your business : for I am verily persuaded that that,
and that alone, has been the cause of any mistakes
or inadvertency he has been guilty of, and the true
reason why God has not blessed him with desired

134 SUSANNA WESLEY.

success. ' He is apt to rest upon deceitful promises.'
Would to heaven that neither he nor I, nor any of
our children, had ever trusted to deceitful promises.
But it is a right-hand error, and I hope God will
forgive us all. ' He wants Mr. Eaton's thrift/ This
I can readily believe. ' He is not fit for worldly
business/ This I likewise assent to, and must own I
was mistaken when I did think him fit for it: my
own experience hath since convinced me that he is one
of those who, our Saviour saith, ' are not so wise in
their generation as the children of this world.' And
did I not know that Almighty Wisdom hath views
and ends in fixing the bounds of our habitation, which
are out of our ken, I should think it a thousand
pities that a man of his brightness and rare endow-
ments of learning and useful knowledge in relation
to the Church of God should be confined to an obscure
corner of this country, where his talents are buried,
and he determined to a way of life for which he is
not so well qualified as I could wish ; and it is with
pleasure that I behold in my eldest son an aversion
from accepting a small country cure, since, blessed be
God ! he has a fair reputation for learning and piety,
preaches well, and is capable of doing more good
where he is. You conclude, ' My wife will make my
cousin Emily ? ' It was a small and insignificant
present to my sister indeed; but, poor girl, it was
her whole estate ; and if it had been received as
kindly as it was meant, she would have been highly
pleased. I shall not detain you any longer not so
much as to apologise for the tedious length of this
letter.

"I should be glad if my service could be made
acceptable to my sister, to whom, with yourself, the

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 135

children tender their humblest duty. We all join in
wishing you a Happy New Year, and very many of
them.

" I am your obliged and most

obedient Servant and Sister,

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

The above letter was written evidently in reply to
some not very distant communication from Mr. Annes-
ley, and it is not quite clear whether the date is accord-
ing to the Old Style or the New. It is also uncertain
whether it was ever received, as no reply came to it in
any form, and when, two or three years later, the
newspapers of the day announced that Mr. Annesley
was, or would be, a passenger on board a certain
homeward-bound vessel, and some of his relatives
arranged to meet him, they were disappointed, as he
did not arrive, and nothing definite could be heard
about him.

Life at Ep worth was at this time very uncomfort-
able, and the old adage, that " when poverty comes
in at the door, love flies out at the window," seems
to some extent to have been verified in the case of
the Wesleys. On one occasion Mrs. Wesley wrote
to one of her sons that unfortunately his father and
she never thought alike, and the eldest son Samuel,
in a familiar letter to his brother John, who was
then in Lincolnshire, and had written a confidential
account of the state of affairs, says he would to
God that his father and mother were as easy in
one another as himself and his wife. Emilia, the
eldest daughter, speaks of being in " intolerable want
and affliction/' in " scandalous want of necessaries/'
of her mother being ill in bed all one winter, and

136 SUSANNA WESLEY.

even expected to die, while she herself did her best to
keep the large family on a very small sum of money.
Kezia and Martha, and, in fact, all the girls, told the
same tale of the scantiness of money and clothes, and
how their mother's ill-health was to a great extent
caused by want of common comforts. Mary, the
deformed girl, appears to have been almost the family
drudge ; and the others, who would fain have gone out
as governesses or companions, or, in fact, in any
capacity, were unable to do so for want of clothes in
which to make a decent appearance. The only chance
they saw of bettering their circumstances was mar-
riage, and to that most of their thoughts seem to
have been directed. One or two of them loved very
deeply and truly, but bestowed their affections on men
who were not worthy of them, and ultimately made
marriages in which there was little or no prospect of
happiness. Many suitors appeared for one or the
other of them, but were refused by the parents,
perhaps not always on sufficient grounds, for, taken
altogether, the matrimonial affairs of the daughters
were eminently unhappy. Hetty, who was a pretty,
clever, sprightly girl, went wrong altogether, and
was treated by both her parents with the harshness
of rigid virtue that has never known temptation.
They utterly refused to see or forgive her; and
had not her brothers and uncle pitied and made
allowances for her, her fate would have been even
worse than it was. Samuel probably interceded and
reconciled them during his visit home in 1725. She
still had some lingering hope of being married to the
man who had beguiled her and whom she truly loved ;
but her father and mother looked on this as the climax
of everything undesirable, and absolutely commanded

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 137

her to accept a suitor named Wright, a journeyman
plumber and glazier at Lincoln, with whom her life
proved one long purgatory. Sukey appears to have
accepted the first offer she received after losing all
expectation of a little money from her uncle Annesley,
who, from the time she spent with him after the fire at
Epworth, had held out some hopes that he would
ultimately provide for her.

Some little increase of comfort seems to have come
in 1724, when the little living of Wroote, four and a.
half miles off, and worth about fifty pounds a year,
was given to Mr. Wesley ; and though the parsonage
was very far inferior to the one at Epworth, the family
moved into it and lived there for some years. The
country round was a mere swamp, the house a poor
thatched dilapidated place, and the parishioners rustics
of the lowest order. It is possible that a tenant
may have offered for the rectory of Epworth for a
time, but this is mere conjecture. Emilia had now
been a teacher at a boarding-school at Lincoln for
about five years, and, although she worked hard for
them, was able to purchase comfortable garments,
and enjoyed the unwonted luxury of having a little
money in her pocket. The state of things for some
years at Wroote is told by an extract from a long
letter which she wrote to her brother John, after she
had lived at home again a little more than a year :

" The school broke up ; and my father having got
Wroote living, my mother was earnest for my return.
I was told what pleasant company was at Bawtry,
Doncaster, &c., and that this addition to my father,
with God's ordinary blessing, would make him a
rich man in a few years; that they did not desire
to confine me always here, but would allow me all

138 SUSANNA WESLEY.

the liberties in their power. Then I came home
again in an evil hour for me. I was well clothed, and,
while I wanted nothing, was easy enough. . . . Thus
far we went on tolerably well ; but this winter, when
my own necessaries began to decay, and my money
was most of it spent (I having maintained myself
since I came home, but now could do it no longer), I
found what a condition I was in : every trifling want
was either not supplied, or I had more trouble to pro-
cure it than it was worth. I know not when we have
had so good a year, both at Wroote and at Epworth,
as this year ; but, instead of saving anything to clothe
my sisters or myself, we are just where we were. A
noble crop has almost all gone, beside Epworth
living, to pay some part of those infinite debts my
father has run into, which are so many, as I have
lately found out, that were he to save fifty pounds a
year he would not be clear in the world this seven
years. So here is a fine prospect indeed of his grow-
ing rich ! Not but he may be out of debt sooner if
he chance to have three or four such years as this has
been ; but for his getting any matter to leave behind him
more than is necessary for my mother's maintenance is
what I see no likelihood of at present. . . . Yet in this
distress we enjoy many comforts. "We have plenty of
good meat and drink, fuel, &c., have no duns, nor any
of that tormenting care for to provide bread which we
had at Epworth. In short, could I lay aside all thought
of the future, and could be content without three things,
money, liberty, and clothes, I might live very comfort-
ably. While my mother lives I am inclined to stay
with her ; she is so very good to me, and has so little
comfort in the world besides, that I think it barbarous
to abandon her. As soon as she is in heaven, or

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 139

perhaps sooner if I am quite tired out, I have fully
fixed on a state of life a way indeed that my parents
may disapprove, but that I do not regard. Bread must
be had, and I won't starve to please any or all the
friends I have in the world."

It must have been about the time of the removal to
Wroote that Mrs. "Wesley heard that her brother was
coming home in one of the East India Company's ships
as before mentioned, and undertook the. journey to
London in order to meet him. Her son John was by
that time at Oxford, having obtained a Charterhouse
scholarship worth forty pounds a year, which, however,
did not cover his expenses. Samuel, who was just then
laid up with a broken leg, and knew how glad his
mother would be to see her second son, asked him to
come up to Westminster. This letter gave the youth
so much pleasure that he wept for joy, for he had longed
exceedingly to see his mother again, as well as to go to
Westminster. But as money was scarce, and he was
already in debt, he was unable to leave Oxford ; and,
as soon as Mrs. Wesley got home, she wrote him an
anxious yet hopeful little note :

" DEAR JACK, " Wroote, August 19th, 1724.

" I am uneasy because I have not heard from
you. I don't think you do well to stand upon points,
and to write only letter for letter. Let me hear from
you often, and inform me of the state of your health,
and whether you have any reasonable hopes of being
out of debt. I am most concerned for the good,
generous man that lent you ten pounds, and am
ashamed to beg a mouth or two longer, since he has
been so kind as to grant us so much time already. We
were amused with your uncle's coming from India ;

140 SUSANNA WESLEY.

but I suppose these fancies are laid aside. I wish
there had been anything in it, for then, perhaps, it
would have been in my power to have provided for
you. But, if all things fail, I hope God will not
forsake us. We have still His good providence ta
depend on, which has a thousand expedients to relieve
us beyond our view.

" Dear Jack, be not discouraged ; do your duty ;
keep close to your studies, and hope for better days.
Perhaps, notwithstanding all, we shall pick up a few
crumbs for you before the end of the year.

" Dear Jacky, I beseech Almighty God to bless
thee !

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

Less than a month afterwards she wrote again :

"DEAR JACKY, " Wroote, Sept. 10th, 1724.

" I am nothing glad that Mr. has paid

himself out of your exhibition ; for though I cannot
hope, I do not despair of my brother's coming, or at
least remembering me where he is.

" The small-pox has been very mortal at Epworth
most of this summer. Our family have all had it
except me, and I hope God will preserve me from it.

" I heartily wish you were in orders, and could come
and serve as one of your father's curates. Then
I should see you often, and could be more helpful to
you than it is possible to be at this distance."

The burden of debt did not press very heavily on
the shoulders of the young undergraduate, and his
replies to his mother contained only a little news of
what went on around him, some mention of Dr.
Cheyne's Book of Health, which was interesting to him
because he himself was delicate, and requests for

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 141

more home news. These communications must have
been pretty frequent, as will be seen by Mrs. Wesley's
xeply :

" DEAR JACKY, " Wroote, Nov. 24th, 1724.

1 ' I have now three of your letters before me
unanswered. I take it very kindly that you write
so often. I am afraid of being chargeable, or I
should miss few posts ; it being exceedingly pleasant
to me, in this solitude, to read your letters, which,
however, would be pleasing anywhere. Your disap-
pointment in not seeing us at Oxon was not of such
consequence as mine in not meeting my brother in
London; not but your wonderful curiosities might
excite a person of greater faith than mine to travel
to your museum to visit them. It is almost a pity
that somebody does not cut the weazand of that
keeper for lying so enormously.

"I wish you would save all the money you can con-
veniently spare, not to spend on a visit, but for a wiser
and better purpose to pay debts, and make yourself
easy. I am not without hope of meeting you next
summer, if it please God to prolong my mortal life.
If you then be willing, and have time allowed you
to accompany me to Wroote, I will bear your charges
as God shall enable me.

"I hope, at your leisure, you will oblige me with
some more verses on any, but rather on a religious
subject.

" Dear Jack, I beseech Almighty God to bless you.

" SUSANNA WESLEY.''

Perhaps it was Mrs. Wesley's wish that John should
take orders and become one of his father's curates that

142 SUSANNA WESLEY.

weighed with him, for about this time he had some
correspondence with Mr. Wesley on the subject, who
very properly warned him against undue haste and
also against mercenary motives. To his mother the
young man confided many of his mental moods, as
well as his doubts and questions. The next of her
letters that has been preserved deals with these as well
as with his desire for ordination :

" DEAR JACKY, " February 23rd, 1735.

" The alteration of your temper has occasioned
me much speculation. I, who am apt to be sanguine,
hope it may proceed from the operation of God's Holy
Spirit, that, by taking away your relish of sensual
enjoyments, He may prepare and dispose your mind
for a more serious and close application to things of a
more sublime and spiritual nature. If it be so, happy
are you if you cherish these dispositions, and now, in
good earnest, resolve to make religion the business of
your life; for, after all, that is the one thing that,
strictly speaking, is necessary, and all things else are
comparatively little to the purposes of life. I heartily
wish you would now enter upon a serious examina-
tion of yourself, that you may know whether you
have a reasonable hope of salvation ; that is, whether
you are in a state of faith and repentance or not,
which you know are the conditions of the gospel cove-
nant on our part. If you are, the satisfaction of know-
ing it would abundantly reward your pains ; if not, you
will find a more reasonable occasion for tears than
can be met with in a tragedy.

" Now I mention this, it calls to mind your letter
to your father about taking orders. I was much
pleased with it, and liked the proposal well; but it

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 143

is an unhappiness almost peculiar to our family that
your father and I seldom think alike. I approve the
disposition of your mind, and think the sooner you are
a deacon the better ; because it may be an inducement
to greater application in the study of practical divinity,
which I humbly conceive is the best study for candi-
dates for orders. Mr. Wesley differs from me, and
would engage you, I believe, in critical learning,
which, though accidentally of use, is in no wise pre-
ferable to the other. I earnestly pray God to avert
that great evil from you of engaging in trifling studies
to the neglect of such as are absolutely necessary. I
dare advise nothing ; God Almighty direct and bless
you ! I have much to say, but cannot write you more
at present. I long to see you. We hear nothing of

H , which gives us some uneasiness. We have all

writ, but can get no answer. I wish all be well.
Adieu !

" SUSANNA WESLEY/'

In the following June, after receiving a letter in
which John quoted St. Thomas a Kempis, Mrs.
Wesley gave an opinion of that old author which is
perfectly just and perspicacious, with an explanation
of her meaning, philosophical rather than exclusively
theological :

" I have a Kempis by me ; but have not read him
lately. I cannot recollect the passages you mention ;
but believing you do him justice, I do positively aver
that he is extremely in the wrong in that impious, I
was about to say blasphemous suggestion, that God,
by an irreversible degree, has determined any man to
be miserable even in this world. His intentions, as
Himself, are holy, just, and good ; and all the miseries

144 SUSANNA WESLEY.

incident to men here and hereafter proceed from them-
selves. The case stands thus : This life is a state of
probation, wherein eternal happiness or misery are
proposed to our choice ; the one as a reward of a
virtuous, the other as a consequence of a vicious
life. Man is a compound being, a strange mixture
of spirit and matter, or rather a creature wherein
those opposite principles are united without mixture,
yet each principle, after an incomprehensible manner,
subject to the influence of the other. The true
happiness of man, under this consideration, consists
in a due subordination of the inferior to the superior
powers, of the animal to the rational nature, and of
both to God.

" This was his original righteousness and happiness
that was lost in Adam ; and to restore man to his
happiness by the recovery of his original righteousness
was certainly God's design in admitting him to the
state of trial in the world, and of our redemption by
Jesus Christ. And, surely this was a design truly
-worthy of God, and the greatest instance of mercy
that even omnipotent goodness could exhibit to us.

" As the happiness of man consists in a due subor-
dination of the inferior to the superior powers, &c., so
the inversion of this order is the true source of human
misery. There is in us all a natural propension towards
the body and the world. The beauty, pleasures, and
ease of the body strangely charm us ; the wealth and
honours of the world allure us; and all, under the
management of a subtle malicious adversary, give a
prodigious force to present things ; and if the animal
life once get the ascendant of our reason, it is the
greatest folly imaginable, because he seeks it where
has not designed he shall ever find it. But this

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 145

is the case of the generality of men ; they live as mere
animals, wholly given up to the interests and pleasures
of the body ; and all the use of their understanding
is to make provision for the flesh to fulfil the lusts
thereof, without the least regard to future happiness
or misery.

" I take a Kempis to have been an honest weak man,
with more zeal than knowledge, by his condemning all
mirth or pleasure as sinful or useless, in opposition to
so many plain and direct texts of Scripture. Would
you judge of the lawfulness or unlawfulness of plea-
sure ; of the innocence or malignity of actions ? Take
this rule : whatever weakens your reason, impairs the
tenderness of your conscience, obscures your sense of
God, or takes off the relish of spiritual things; in
short, whatever increases the strength and authority of
your body over your mind, that thing is sin to you,
however innocent it may be in itself. And so on the
contrary.

" 'Tis stupid to say nothing is an affliction to a good
man. That is an affliction that makes an affliction
either to good or bad. Nor do I understand how any
man can thank God for present misery, yet do I very
well know what it is to rejoice in the midst of deep
afflictions ; not in the affliction itself, for then would it
cease to be one ; but in this we may rejoice, that we
are in the hand of a God who never did and never can
exert His power in any act of injustice, oppression, or
cruelty, in the power of that Superior Wisdom which
disposes all events, and has promised that all things
shall work together for good, for the spiritual and
eternal good of those that love Him. We may rejoice
in hope that Almighty Goodness will not suffer us to
be tempted above that we are able, but will with the

10

146 xrSANNA WESLEY.

temptation make a way to escape that we may be able
to bear it. In a word, we may and ought to rejoice
that God has assured us He will never leave nor forsake
us ; but, if we continue to be faithful to Him, He will
take care to conduct us safely through all the changes
and chances of this mortal life to those blessed regions
of joy and immortality where sin and sorrow can never
enter.

" Your brother has brought us a heavy reckoning for
you and Charles. God be merciful to us all ! Dear
Jack, I earnestly beseech Almighty God to bless you !
Adieu !

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

The brother here alluded to was Samuel, who, much
to his mother's pleasure, came down to Wroote in the
summer of 1725 with his wife and son. In taking
Charles to live with him, he had stipulated that his
father should provide the boy with clothes ; and he had
also advanced some ready money to John, so that
altogether the Rector owed him ten pounds. This visit
was a great pleasure to Mrs. Wesley, but it appears to
have been the cause of postponing John's ordination
till September, probably on account of the necessary
expenses. He was ultimately ordained in that month
by Bishop Potter, and preached his first sermon at
South Leigh, near Oxford. He then went down into
Lincolnshire and assisted his father, and in the follow-
ing March, mainly through the influence of Dr.
Morley, Rector of Lincoln College, and of S cotton,
near Gainsborough, was elected to a fellowship. This
was a subject of great thankfulness and pride to Mr.
and Mrs. Wesley ; the former wrote a jubilant letter
to his "Dear Mr. Fellow Elect of Lincoln"; and,

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 147

though he had no more than five pounds wherewith to
keep his family till after harvest, and questioned what
would be his own fate, added : " Wherever I am, my
Jack is Fellow of Lincoln." The mother gave thanks
with a full heart to God for his success, and speedily
had one of her great desires fulfilled in having him
with her during the whole summer, reading prayers
and preaching twice every Sunday either at Epworth or
Wroote. This assistance to his father must have come
in the very nick of time, for in the spring the Rector
had a slight stroke of paralysis which disabled his
right hand. No sooner did John get back to Oxford
in September than he was chosen Greek Lecturer and
Moderator of the Classes ; and, as Charles was then at
Christ Church, was in a position to be of considerable
assistance to him.

The waters were out terribly that summer over
the boggy ground between Epworth and Wroote, and
the only communication between them was by boat.
Emilia, who had suffered terribly from fever and
malaria, had gone to Lincoln in quest of health and
employment. Mrs. Wesley suffered very much from
the damp, aggravated by continual anxiety and fre-
quent privation. Early in July her husband wrote
to John and Charles : " You will find your mother
much altered. I believe what will kill a cat has
almost killed her. I have observed of late little con-
vulsions in her very frequently, which I don't like."
A day or two later, news was sent to the absent boys
that she was dangerously ill ; and John wrote at once
supposing he should never see her more. But the
blow was averted, and the cheery old Rector, who
had been expressing his desire to be able to serve both
his cures, and saying that if not he should die plea-

10 *

148 SUSANNA WESLEY.

santly in his last dyke, wrote a short bright letter,
probably with his left hand :

"Wroote, July 18th, 1727.
" DEAR SON JOHN,

"We received last post your compliments of
condolence and congratulation to your mother on the
supposition of her near approaching demise, to which
your sister Patty will by no means subscribe, for she
says she is not so good a philosopher as you are, and
that she can't spare her mother yet, if it please God,
without very great inconveniency."

Patty was the eighth daughter and seventeenth child,
and had been looked upon in the family as a special
favourite with her mother. She denied that she had
any greater share of maternal love than the other
girls, saying : " What my sisters called partiality was
what they might all have enjoyed if they had wished
it, which was permission to sit in my mother's cham-
ber when disengaged, to listen to her conversation
with others, and to her remarks on things and books
out of school hours."

The father's letter continues :

" And, indeed, though she has now and then some
very sick fits, yet I hope the sight of you would revive
her. However, when you come you will see a new face
of things, my family being now pretty well colonised,
and all perfect harmony much happier, in no small
straits, than perhaps we ever were before in our
greatest affluence (!) ; and you will find a servant that
will make us rich, if God gives us anything to work
upon. I know not but it may be this prospect, together
with my easiness in my family, which keeps my spirits
from sinking, though they tell me I have lost some of

DISAPPOINTMENTS AND PERPLEXITIES. 149

my tallow between Wroote and Epworth ; but that I
don't value, as long as I 've still strength to perform
my office. . . .

" I 'm weary, but your loving Father,

" SAMUEL WESLEY."

The two sons did come home, and found their
mother better. On their way back to Oxford they
stayed at Lincoln to see Emilia, who was assisting a
Mrs. Taylor who kept a girls' school in that city, and
Kezzy, the youngest of the family, who was also teaching
there and probably receiving some instruction in
return for her own and her sister's services. In the
following year they both left, Emilia that she might
nurse Mrs. Ellison, who was dangerously ill, and Kezzy
because she could not remain without Emilia for lack
of funds.

150 SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER XIII.

PARTINGS.

THE routine of life at Wroote, where there was " plenty
of meat and drink/' though money and clothes were
so scarce, and where the girls each took their part in
the business of the house and glehe, and in waiting
on their parents, is pleasantly described in verse by
Samuel Wesley, who saw things at their best during
his visit in the summer of 1725, and probably then
succeeded in reconciling Hetty and her father and
mother. Odes and metrical addresses were very much
in vogue, and the Wesleys were all fluent writers of
verse. The piece was entitled " Wroote," and sent to
Hetty. Here are a few of the stanzas which are con-
tained in his published poems :

The spacious glebe around the house

Affords full pasture to the cows,

Whence largely milky nectar flows,
O sweet and cleanly dairy !

Unless or Moll, or Anne, or you

Your duty should neglect to do ;

And then 'ware haunches black and blue
By pinching of a fairy.

PARTINGS. 151

Observe the warm well-littered sty
Where sows and pigs and porkets lie ;
Nancy or you the draff supply.
They swill and care not whither.

* * * *

But not so glad

As you to wait upon your dad !

Oh, 'tis exceeding pretty !
Methinks I see you striving all
Who first shall answer to his call,
Or lusty Anne, or feeble Moll,

Sage Pat, or sober Hetty ;
To rub his cassock's draggled tail,
Or reach his hat from off the nail,
Or seek the key to draw his ale,

When damsel haps to steal it.
To burn his pipe, or mend his clothes,
Or nicely darn his russet hose
For comfort of his aged toes

So fine they cannot feel it.

There were, however, times when Wroote was far from
being a pleasant abode even in summer, while the diffi-
culties of serving the two cures were very great. Mr.
Wesley, though glad of help from his sons when
they could come, was afraid lest their constitutions
should suffer from hardships which did not appear to
have any worse effect on himself than increasing the
weariness of which from time to time he complained.
Part of a letter written to John, in June 1727, tells what
the difficulty was of getting about the fen country when
the waters were out :

" When you come hither, after having taken care of
Charterhouse, and your own rector, your head-quartera

152 SUSANNA WESLEY.

will be, I believe, for the most part at Wroote, as mine, if
I can at Epworth, though sometimes making an ex-
change. The truth is, I am ipped (sic) by my voyage
and journey to and from Epworth last Sunday, being
lamed with getting wet, partly with a downfall from
a thunder-shower, and partly from the wash over the
boat. Yet, I thank God, I was able to preach here in
the afternoon, and was as well this morning as ever,
except a little pain and lameness, both which I hope
to wash off with a hair of the same dog this evening.

" I wish the rain had not reached us on this side
Lincoln, but we have it so continual that we have
scarce one bank left, and I can't possibly have one
quarter of oats in all the levels ; but, thanks be to God,
the field barley and rye are good. We can neither go
afoot or horseback to Epworth, but only by boat as far
as Scawsit Bridge, and then walk over the Common,
though I hope it will soon be better. ... I would have
your studies as little interrupted as possible, and hope
I shall do a month or two longer, as I 'm sure I ought
to do all I can both for God's family and my own ;
and when I find it sinks me, or perhaps a little before,
I '11 certainly send you word, with about a fortnight's
notice ; and in the meantime sending you my blessing,
as being your loving father,

" SAMUEL WESLEY."

A few days later he wrote :

" I knew John could not get between Wroote and
Epworth without hazarding his health or life ; whereas
my hide is tough, and I think no carrion can kill me.
I walked sixteen miles yesterday ; and, thank God,
this morning I was not a penny worse."

A glimpse of dutiful conduct and industry on the

PAETINGS. 153

part of one of the girls is also chronicled by the
Rector in one of his letters to John at Oxford, where

he says : " M miraculously gets money even at

Wroote, and has given the first fruit of her earning to
her mother, lending her money, and presenting her
with a new cloak of her own buying and making, for
which God will bless her/'

The marriages of some of the daughters took place
from Wroote, though Susanna was married in 1721 to
Mr. Ellison before leaving the Epworth parsonage.
He was comfortably off in those days, and she bore
him four children, but he was extremely disliked by
the Wesleys; and, after a fire which destroyed his
house so that the family only just escaped with their
lives, his wife left him never to return, and spent the
remainder of her days among her children who were
grown up and settled in London and Bristol.

Hetty must have been married from Wroote to
William Wright very much against her own will, and
justly so, as he was in every way unsuited to her. Her
uncle Matthew gave her a handsome sum of money,
with which her husband set himself up in business in
London, where they lived in Crown Court and Frith
Street, Soho. Most of her children died in infancy,
to her great grief, and her uncouth and illiterate hus-
band took to drinking habits and ill-treated her. She
saw a good deal of her uncle while he lived, of her
brother at Westminster, and of John and Charles
when they were in London. They all sympathised
with her, and did all that could be done by fraternal
affection to lighten her burdens. She was known and
highly thought of in the literary circles of the day,
meeting clever people at her uncle's house. Like most
of her family, she wrote poems, many of which were

154 SUSANNA WESLEY.

published from time to time in the Gentleman's Maga-
zine.

Aime appears to have been married in 1725 to John,
Lambert, a land surveyor of Epworth, a very worthy
man, who was fond of her and appreciated her father's
talents. They lived for some time at Epworth, and
then removed to Hatfield, where they were within
reach of their relatives in London. They had one son
named after John Wesley, who was his god-father.
Mr. Lambert collected all his father-in-law's pamphlets,
and took great pride in them. This marriage was in
every way satisfactory.

One of the events that diversified the monotony of
life at Wroote must have been the memorable applica-
tion (probably about 1725) of Garrett Wesley, of
Dangan Castle, Ireland, to the Rector, who was hi&
kinsman, asking whether he had a son named Charles,
and, if so, whether he would allow him to be appointed
his heir. The youth left the decision to his father,
who again referred it to Charles as the person most
nearly concerned; and Mr. Garrett Wesley went
to see him at Westminster and pressed him to accept
what he had to offer. For some unaccountable
reason it was refused, and Garrett Wesley left his
property to a more distant relation, Richard Colley,
on condition that he should assume the name of
Wesley and the armorial bearings of the family.
This Richard Colley Wesley was created Baron Morn-
ington in 1746, and his only son Garrett married the
daughter of Viscount Dunganuon, and became in due
time Earl of Mornington. His eldest sou was the
Marquis Wellesley, some time Governor-General of
India, and his third son the great Duke of Wellington.

In none of Mrs. Wesley's correspondence is the

PARTINGS. 155

slightest allusion made to this circumstance. It is
difficult to imagine why the heirship should have been
refused. Most parents with so large a family would
have been only too thankful that one of them should
have been raised to a station which his talents and
character in every way fitted him to adorn, and Mr.
Wesley's natural anxiety on behalf of his wife, should
she survive him, would have been allayed had one of
his sons been in good circumstances. John Wesley,
in the fervour of his religious zeal, and appreciating
his brother as a coadjutor, once remarked that this
decision made by Charles was " a fair escape " ; and
Methodist writers generally have regarded and spoken
of him as a kind of eighteenth- century Moses, " who
esteemed the reproach of Christ greater riches than
the treasures of Egypt." The followers of John
Wesley, however, have not shown themselves averse to
wealth, and many of them have made noble use of it.

While John Wesley was a resident Fellow of Lincoln,
and spending his long vacations at Wroote, he was not
insensible to feminine charms. As is well known, he
succumbed several times to the power of the tender
passion, although, when quite a middle-aged man, he
made a prosaic match that brought him little or no-
happiness. The home circle was aware that in 1727
his fancy was caught by a young lady in Worcester-
shire, Betty Kirkham, and it is probable that she was
his first love. He was on unusually affectionate terms
with his mother, and perhaps made her his confidante,
for only something of that nature was likely to have
called forth the following beautiful letter :
"DEAR SON, " Wroote, May 14th, 1725.

"The difficulty there is in separating the ideas
of things that nearly resemble each other, and whose

156 SUSANNA WESLEY.

properties and effects are much the same, has, I
believe, induced some to think that the human soul
has no passion but love ; and that all those passions or
affections which we distinguish by the names of hope,
fear, joy, &c., are no more than various modes of love.
This notion carries some show of reason, though 1
cannot acquiesce in it. I must confess I never yet
met with such an accurate definition of the passion
of love as fully satisfied me. It is, indeed, commonly
defined as ' a desire of union with a known or appre-
hended good.' But this directly makes love and desire
the same thing, which, on a close inspection, I conceive
they are not for this reason : desire is strongest and
acts most vigorously when the beloved object is distant,
absent, or apprehended unkind or displeased; whereas
when the union is attained and fruition perfect, com-
placency, delight, and joy fill the soul of the lover
while desire lies quiescent, which plainly shows (at
least to me) that desire of union is an effect of love,
and not love itself.

" What then is love ? Or how shall we describe its
strange mysterious essence? It is I do not know
what ! A powerful something ! source of our joy and
grief, felt and experienced by everyone, and yet un-
known to all ! Nor shall we ever comprehend what it
ds till we are united to our First Principle, and there
read its wondrous nature in the clear mirror of un-
created Love ; till which time it is best to rest satisfied
with such apprehensions of its essence as we can collect
from our observations of its effects and propensities ;
for other knowledge of it in our present state is too
high and too wonderful for us, neither can we attain
to it.

" Suffer now a word of advice. However curious you

PARTINGS. 157

may be in searching into the nature, or in distinguish-
ing the properties, of the passions or virtues of human
kind for your own private satisfaction, be very cautious
in giving nice distinctions in public assemblies ; for it
does not answer the true end of preaching, which is to-
mend men's lives, and not fill their heads with unpro-
fitable speculations. And after all that can be said,
every affection of the soul is better known by experi-
ence than any description that can be given of it. An
honest man will more easily apprehend what is meant
by being zealous for God and against sin when he hears
what are the properties and effects of true zeal, than
the most accurate definition of its essence.

" Dear Son, the conclusion of your letter is very
kind. That you were ever dutiful, I very well know.
But I know myself enough to rest satisfied with a
moderate degree of your affection. Indeed, it would
be unjust in me to desire the love of anyone. Your
prayers I want and wish ; nor shall I cease while I live
to beseech Almighty God to bless you. Adieu !

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

Part of a letter written to John at Oxford during the
winter of 1727 shows that Mrs. Wesley sometimes
gave him prudent, practical advice which was not
exclusively religious :

" DEAR JACKY, " Jan. 31st, 1727.

" I am nothing pleased we advised you to have
your plaid, though I am that you think it too dear,
because I take it to be an indication that you are dis-
posed to thrift, which is a rare qualification in a young
man who has his fortune to make. Indeed, such a
one can hardly be too wary, or too careful. 1 would

158 SUSANNA WESLEY.

not recommend taking thought for the morrow any
further than is needful for our improvement of present
opportunities in a prudent management of those talents
God has committed to our trust ; and so far I think it
is the duty of all to take thought for the morrow.
And I heartily wish you may be well apprised of this
-while life is young. For

' Believe me, youth, (for I am read in cares,
And bend beneath the weight of more than

fifty years)/

Believe me, dear Son, old age is the worst time we
can choose to mend either our lives or our fortunes.
If the foundations of solid piety are not laid betimes
in sound principles and virtuous dispositions, and if we
neglect, while strength and vigour lasts, to lay up
something ere the infirmities of age overtake us, it is
a hundred to one odds that we shall die both poor and
wicked.

" Ah ! my dear son, did you with me stand on the
verge of life, and saw before your eyes a vast expanse,
an unlimited duration of being, which you might
shortly enter upon, you can't conceive how all the in-
advertencies, mistakes, and sins of youth would rise to
your view ; and how different the sentiments of sensi-
tive pleasures, the desire of sexes, and pernicious
friendships of the world would be then from what they
are now, while health is entire and seems to promise
many years of life.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

In the spring or early summer of 1731, Mr. Matthew
Wesley, the elder brother of the Rector of Epworth,
made a journey to Scarborough, accompanied only by
a servant, and stayed to visit his relations on the way.

PARTINGS. 159

He had shown some of their children many kindnesses,
and had seen his brother from time to time when busi-
ness took him to London, but had never before been
at his home. It appears that the family was by that
time again at Epworth, and all that is directly known
of the visit is contained in a letter from Mrs. Wesley
to John at Oxford.

" July 12th, 1731.

" My brother Wesley had designed to have surprised
us, and had travelled under a feigned name from
London to Gainsborough ; but there, sending his man
out for guide to the Isle (of Axholme) the next day,
the man told one that keeps our market his master's
name, and that he was going to see his brother, which
was the minister of Epworth. The man he informed
met with Molly in the market about an hour before
my brother got thither. She, full of the news,
hastened home, and told us her uncle Wesley was
coming to see us, but we could hardly believe her.
'Twas odd to observe how all the town took the alarm,
and were upon the gaze, as if some great prince had
been about to make his entry. He rode directly to
John Dawson's (the Inn) ; but we had soon notice of
his arrival, and sent John Brown with an invitation to
our house. He expressed some displeasure at his ser-
vant for letting us know of his coming, for he intended
to have sent for Mr. Wesley to dine with him at Daw-
son's, and then come to visit us in the afternoon.
However, he soon followed John home, where we were
all ready to receive him with great satisfaction.

" His behaviour among us was perfectly civil and
obliging. He spake little to the children the first day,
being employed (as he afterwards told them) in ob-
serving their carriage, and seeing how he liked them ;

160 SUSANNA WESLEY.

afterwards he was very free, and expressed great kind-
ness to them all.

" He was strangely scandalised at the poverty of our
furniture, and much more at the meanness of the chil-
dren's habits. He always talked more freely with your
sisters of our circumstances than to me, and told them
he wondered what his brother had done with his
income, for 'twas visible he had not spent it in furnish-
ing his house or clothing his family.

" We had a little talk together sometimes, but it was
not often we could hold a private conference ; and he
was very shy of speaking anything relating to the
children before your father, or indeed of any other
matter. I informed him, as far as I handsomely could,
of our losses, &c., for I was afraid that he should think
that I was about to beg of him ; but the girls (with
whom he had many private discourses), I believe, told!
him everything they could think on.

" He was particularly pleased with Patty [who was
then twenty-five years old] ; and, one morning, before
Mr. Wesley came down, he asked me if I was willing
to let Patty go and stay a year or two with him in
London. ' Sister,' says he, ' I have endeavoured
already to make one of your children easy while she
lives ; and if you choose to trust Patty with me, I will
endeavour to make her so too/ Whatever others may
think, I thought this a generous offer ; and the more
so, because he had done so much for Sukey and Hetty.
I expressed my gratitude as well as I could, and would
have had him speak to your father, but he would not
himself he left that to me ; nor did he ever mention
it to Mr. Wesley till the evening before he left us.
He always behaved himself very decently at family
prayers, and, in your father's absence, said grace for us

PARTINGS. 161

before and after meat. Nor did he ever interrupt our
privacy, but went into his own chamber when we went
into ours.

" He stayed from Thursday to the Wednesday after ;
then he left us to go to Scarborough, whence he
returned the Saturday se'nnight after, intending to
stay with us a few days ; but, finding your sisters gone
the day before to Lincoln, he would leave us on Sunday
morning, for, he said, he might see the girls before
they set forward for London. He overtook them at
Lincoln, and had Mrs. Taylor, Emilia, and Kezzy, with
the rest, to supper with him at the < Angel.' On
Monday they breakfasted with him ; then they parted,
expecting to see him no more till they came to London ;
but on Wednesday he sent his man to invite them to
supper at night. On Thursday he invited them to
dinner, at night to supper, and on Friday morning
to breakfast, when he took his leave of them and
rode for London. They got into town on Saturday
about noon, and that evening Patty writ me an account
of the journey.

" Dear Jacky, I can't stay now to talk about Hetty
and Patty, but this I hope better of both than some
others do. I pray God to bless you. Adieu !

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

The poor Rector, after his brother's return to London,
received a stern letter from him on the sin of not having
better provided for his family. It does not appear,
however, that he was addicted to any worse personal
extravagance than his pipe and a little snuff; but on
the one hand he had no aptitude for business, and on

11

162 SUSANNA WESLEY.

the other, Mr. Matthew Wesley, having had but one
child of his own (a son, who turned out badly), did
not know how expensive it was to have for so many
years an ailing wife and an annually increasing family,
and was equally ignorant of the cost of clothing so
large a number of grown-up girls. His nieces were
no longer children, and were no doubt able to give
him a tolerably correct idea of the true state of
affairs ; and he seems to have been too kind to have
given pain unless there was good cause for it. He
evidently thought that a man had no business to
surround himself with more olive-branches than he
could afford to bring up decently and provide for ;
but there the Rector differed from him in toto, and
evidently considered that he had considerably benefited
his country by adding so largely to the population.

There is another of Mrs. Wesley's letters bearing
the same date; but whether that is exact is not
ascertainable. It is just possible that news of the
accident she relates may have been forwarded to
London immediately after its occurrence, and may
have caused Mr. Matthew Wesley's unexpected

" DEAR JACKY, " July 12th, 1731.

" On Friday, June 4th, I, your sister Martha,
and our maid were going in our waggon to see the
ground we hire of Mrs. Knight at Low Millwood.
Father sat in a chair at one end of the waggon, I
in another at the other end, Mattie between us. and
the maid behind me. Just before we reached the
close, going down a small hill, the horses took into
a gallop, and out flew your father and his chair. The
maid, seeing the horses run, hung all her weight on my

PARTINGS. 163

chair and kept me from keeping him company. She
cried out to William to stop the horses, and that her
master was killed. The fellow leaped out of the
seat and stayed the horses, then ran to Mr. Wesley ;
but ere he got to him, two neighbours, who were provi-
dentially met together, raised his head, upon which he
had pitched, and held him backwards, by which means
he began to respire ; for it is certain, by the blackness
of his face, that he had never drawn breath from the
time of his fall till they helped him up. By this time
I was got to him, asked him how he did, and persuaded
him to drink a little ale, for we had brought a bottle
with us. He looked prodigiously wild, but began to
speak, and told me he ailed nothing. I informed him
of his fall. He said ' he knew nothing of any fall, he
was as well as ever he was in his life/ We bound up
his head, which was very much bruised, and helped
him into the waggon again, and sat him at the bottom
of it, while I supported his head between my hands,
and the man led the horses gently home. I sent pre-
sently for Mr. Harper, who took a good quantity of
blood from him ; and then he began to feel pain in
several parts, particularly in his side and shoulder.
He had a very ill night ; but on Saturday morning Mr.
Harper came again to him, dressed his head, and gave
him something which much abated the pain in his side.
We repeated the dose at bed-time; and on Sunday
he preached twice and gave the Sacrament, which
was too much for him to do, but nobody could dis-
suade him from it. On Monday he was ill, and slept
almost all day. On Tuesday the gout came, but
with two or three nights taking Bateman, it went off
again, and he has since been better than we could have
expected. We thought at first the waggon had gone

11 *

*64 SUSANNA WESLEY.

over him, but it only went over his gown sleeve, and
the nails took a little skin off his knuckles, but did
him no further hurt.

"Sus. WESLEY."

Mr. Wesley was evidently much shaken by this acci-
dent, from which he never thoroughly recovered ; and,
perhaps, taking it in conjunction with his brother's
remonstrances, began to think seriously what would
become of his wife and unmarried daughters if he were
to die. Previously his sons seem to have been his first
consideration, and perhaps that rankled a little in the
minds of the girls, not because they grudged their bro-
thers anything or were not proud of them, but because
girls are conscious that they have at least as much
claim on their parents as the boys. However this may
have been, the father began to think it desirable that he
should resign the living in favour of one of his sons, if
that son could only be persuaded to accept it. First of
all, he proposed it to Samuel, who had just lost his
only son, and was terribly unsettled besides, because,
after having been for twenty years an usher in West-
minster School, he was deprived of what he considered
his right. The head-master resigned ; Dr. Nicoll, the
second master was appointed in his stead ; and Samuel
Wesley, according to old precedent, expected the posi-
tion of under or second master. Unhappily, he was not
merely a Tory, but a positive Jacobite, and compro-
mised by his devotion to the exiled Bishop Atter-
bury and his cause, which was that of the Pretender ;
consequently he found himself shut off from everything
he most desired. At this crisis came his father's sug-
gestion that he should become Rector of Epworth.
" You have been," said the old man, " a father to your

PARTINGS. 165

brothers and sisters, especially to the former, who have
cost you great sums in their education both before and
since they went to the University. Neither have you
stopped here, but have showed your pity to your
mother and me in a very liberal manner, wherein your
wife joined with you, when you did not overmuch
abound yourselves, and have even done noble charities to
my children's children. Now what should I be if I
did not endeavour to make you easy to the utmost of
my power, especially when I know that neither of you
have your health at London. ... As for your aged
and infirm mother, as soon as I drop she must turn out
unless you succeed me, which, if you do, and she sur-
vives me, I know you '11 immediately take her then to
your own house, or rather continue her there, where
your wife and you will nourish her till we meet again
in heaven ; and you will be a guide and a stay to the
rest of the family."

Samuel, however, was not to be persuaded ; he kne\*
that, wherever he lived, his home would be open to his
mother if she ever needed it, and was not at all inclined
to bury himself in Lincolnshire. The subject was
dropped for a little while, and supplanted by a new
and engrossing interest in the now small Epworth
circle. This was the engagement and marriage of
Mary, or " Moll," the deformed daughter, who was
called by Charles the ' ' Patient Grizzle " of the family.
Her husband was John Whitelamb, who was originally
a poor boy in a small charity school at Wroote. Mr.
Wesley observed that his mental abilities were con-
siderable, and he must have written a good legible
hand, for he was taken into the house at Epworth to
transcribe the Rector's ponderous work on the Book of
Job, and even to illustrate it with drawings of maps

166 SUSANNA WESLEY.

and figures according to the " light of nature." Art
was at a very low ebb ; and Mr. Wesley could have
been no judge of it, or he would not have dreamed
that such drawings could add to the interest of his
book, yet even he could see the lack of artistic merit
in some of them. In return for " poor starveling
Johnnie Whitelamb's " services he received instruction
in Latin and Greek, and finally was sent to Oxford,
where John Wesley did all he could for him, and spoke
highly of his industry, intelligence, and faculty in
learning languages. So poor was Whitelamb, that the
Wesleys, father and son, and a few friends clubbed
together to buy him a gown, though that is not a very
costly item of apparel. He took deacon's orders, and
became curate at Epworth, to the great comfort of his^
friend and patron who loved and trusted him. He
certainly on one occasion saved his life at Burringham
Ferry, when, Mr. Wesley says, " John Whitelamb's
long legs and arms swarmed up into the keel and
lugged me in after him." He was probably a good
deal younger than Mary, who was thirty-eight when
she married him ; but the affection between them was
genuine, and the match had the cordial approbation of
all the family. It was extremely difficult to get any
curate to live at Wroote, so damp and uninviting was
the place; but Whitelamb loved it, and was very
earnest in his desire to minister in its church, so Mr*
Wesley provided for him and Mary by resigning this
small living, and begging the Lord Chancellor to bestow
it on his son-in-law. This was done ; and he also con-
trived to give them twenty pounds to start with.
Mary did not, however, long enjoy her new status and
her husband's affectionate care, for she died in her
confinement before she had been married a year, and,.

PARTINGS. 167

with her babe, was buried in the church. Mrs. Wesley
felt her loss very much, and the widower went to
Epworth for sympathy. He was in the frame of mind
in which men volunteer for missions, or hard work of
any kind, and absence from the scenes that recall their
sorrows ; so Mr. Wesley wrote about him to General
Oglethorpe, who was already at work in Georgia, and
had a Wroote man among his party :

" DEAR SIR, " Epworth, Dec. 7th, 1734.

" I cannot express how much I am obliged by
your last kind and instructive letter concerning the
affairs of Georgia. I could not read it over without
sighing (though I have read it several times) when I
again reflected on my own age and infirmities, which
made such an expedition utterly impracticable for me.
Yet my mind worked hard about it ; and it is not im-
possible but Providence may have directed me to such
an expedient as may prove more serviceable to your
colony than I should ever have been.

" The thing is thus. There is a young man who has
been with me a pretty many years, and assisted me in
my work of Job ; after which I sent him to Oxford,
to my son John Wesley, Fellow of Lincoln College,
who took care of his education, where he behaved him-
self very well, and improved in piety and learning.
Then I sent for him down, having got him into
deacon's orders, and he was my curate in my absence
in London ; when I resigned my small living of Wroote
to him, and he was instituted and inducted there. I
likewise consented to his marrying one of my daughters,
there having been a long and intimate friendship
between them. But neither he nor I were so happy
as to have them live long together, for she died in

168 SUSANNA WESLEY.

childbed of her first child. He was so inconsolable at
her loss, that I was afraid he would soon have followed
her; to prevent which I desired his company here at my
house, that he might have some amusement and busi-
ness by assisting me in my Cure during my illness. It
was then, Sir, 1 just received the favour of yours, and
let him see it for his diversion, more especially because
John Lyndal and he had been fellow parishioners and
schoolfellows at Wroote, and had no little kindness
one for the other. I made no great reflection on the
thing at first ; but soon after, when I found he had
thought often upon it, was very desirous to go to
Georgia himself, and wrote the enclosed letter to me
on the subject, and I knew not of any person more
proper for such an undertaking, I thought the least I
could do was to send the letter to your Honour, who
would be so very proper a judge of the affair ; and if
you approve, I shall riot be wanting in my addresses
to my Lord Bishop of London, or any other, since I
expect to be in London myself at spring, to forward
the matter as far as it will go.

" As for his character, I shall take it upon myself
that he is a good scholar, a sound Christian, and a
good liver. He has a very happy memory, especially
for languages, and a judgment and intelligence not
inferior. My eldest son at Tiverton has some know-
ledge of him, concerning whom I have writ to him
since your last to me. My two others, his tutor at
Lincoln, and my third of Christ Church, have been
long and intimately acquainted with him ; and I doubt
not but they will give him at least as just a character
as I have done. And here I shall rest the matter till
I have the honour of hearing again from you ; and
shall either drop it or prosecute it as appears most

PARTINGS. 169

proper to your maturer judgment; ever remaining
your Honour's most sincere and most obliged friend
and servant,

" SAMUEL WESLEY."

John Whitelamb, however, did not go to Georgia,
but spent most of his time at Epworth during the
months of pain and feebleness that preceded Mr. Wes-
ley's death, though he seems to have made so long an
absence, probably at Oxford, that Mrs. Wesley inquired
of her sons about him. He ultimately returned to
Wroote, where he lived a retired and studious life for
thirty years, dying in 1769. He did not quite agree
with John and Charles Wesley on religious subjects,
which they did not very well like, and the whole family
dropped their intercourse with him.

That the mother was afraid lest Martha should lose
her comfortable home with her uncle Matthew is shown
by a short letter dated February 21, 1732, and written
on the same sheet as the one to John in which she de-
tailed her famous system of education :

" DEAR CHARLES,

" Though you have not had time to tell me so
since we parted, yet I hope you are in health ; and
when you are more at leisure, I shall be glad to hear
.you are so from yourself. I should be pleased enough
to see you here this spring, if it were not upon the
hard condition of your walking hither ; but that
always terrifies me, and I am commonly so uneasy for
fear you should kill yourself with coming so far on
foot, that it destroys much of the pleasure I should
otherwise have in conversing with you.

" I fear poor Patty has several enemies at London,

170 SUSANNA WESLEY.

and that they have put it in her head to visit us this
summer. I am apt to believe that if they get her once
out of my brother's house they will take care to keep
her thence for ever. It is a pity that honest, generous
girl has not a little of the subtlety of the serpent with
the innocence of the dove. She is no match for those
who malign her; for she scorns to do an unworthy
action, and therefore believes everybody else does so
too. Alas ! it is a great pity that all the human
species are not as good as they ought to be.

" Prithee, what has become of John \Vhitelamb ?
Is he yet alive ? Where is Mr. Morgan ? If with
you, pray give my service to him. I am sorry the
wood-drink did him no service. 1 never knew it fail
before, if drank regularly ; but perhaps he was too
far gone before he used it. I doubt he eats too little
or sleeps cold, which last poisons the blood above
all things. Dear Charles, I send you my love and
blessing. Em, Matty, Kez send their love to you
both.

"SUSANXA WESLEY. "

A letter that has not appeared since the year 1800.
when it was published in the Methodist Pocket Book,
shows how warm an interest Mrs. Wesley took in
John's pupils, and how they exchanged opinions on
books as well as doctrines :

"DEAR SON, " Epworth, Jan. 1st, 1733.

"Pray give my service to Mr. Robinson, your
pupil, and tell him I am as good as my word ; I daily
pray for him, and beg him, if he has the least
regard for his soul, or any remaining sense of reli-
gion, to shake off all acquaintance with the prophane.
It is the free-thinker and the sensualist, not the

PARTINGS. 171

despised Methodist, who will be ashamed and con-
founded when called to appear before that Almighty-
Judge whose Godhead they have blasphemed, and
whose offered mercy they have rejected and ludicrously
despised.

" The pleasures of sin are but for a short and un-
certain time, but eternity hath no end ; therefore one
would think that few arguments might serve to con-
vince a man who has not lost his senses that it is of
the greatest importance to us to be very serious in
improving the present time, and acquainting ourselves
with God while it is called to-day, lest, being disquali-
fied for His blissful presence, our future existence be
inexpressibly miserable.

" You are certainly right. The different degrees of
piety are different states of mind which we must pass
through ; and he who cavils at practical advice plainly
shows that he has not gone through those states ; for
in all matters of a religious nature, if there be not an
internal sense in the hearers corresponding to that
sense in the mind of the speaker, what is said will have
little effect. Yet sometimes it falls out that, while a
zealous Christian is speaking on spiritual subjects, the
blessed Spirit of God will give such light to the mind
of the hearers as will dispel their native darkness, and
enable them to apprehend those spiritual things, of
which before they had no knowledge. As in the case
of Cornelius and his friends, it is said : ' While Peter
spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them
that heard him.'

" Mr. Law is a good man, yet he is but a man ; and,
therefore, no marvel that he has not been so explicit
as you could have wished in speaking on some parti-
cular subjects. Perhaps his mind was too full of the

172 SUSANNA WESLEY.

sense of that blessed Being readily to hit upon words
to express a thing so far above their nature. Who
can think, much less speak, on that vast subject ? His
greatness, His dignity, astonishes us ! The purity of
His nature, His redeeming love, confounds and
overpowers us ! At the perception of His glory, our
feeble powers are suspended, and nature faints before
the God of nature.

" For my own part, after many years' search and
enquiry, I still continue to pay my devotions to an
Unknown God. I dare not say I love Him ; only this
I have chosen Him for my own Happiness, my All,
my only Good ; in a word for my God. And when
I sound my will, I feel it adheres to its choice,
though not so faithfully as it ought. Therefore I
desire your prayers, which I need much more than you
do mine.

" That God is everywhere present, and we always
present to Him, is certain ; but that we should always
be able to realise His presence is quite another thing.
Some choice souls have obtained such an habitual
sense of the presence of God as admits of few inter-
ruptions. But, my dear, consider, He is so infinitely
blessed, so absolutely lovely, that every perception of
Him, every approach to His supreme glory and blessed-
ness, imparts such a vital joy and gladness to the mind,
as banishes all pain and sense of misery ; and were
eternity added to this happiness, it would be heaven.

" My love and blessing attend you !
" I am, your affectionate mother,

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

Mrs. Wesley had a good deal of anxiety about the
health of her sons at Oxford, and suffered much her-

PARTINGS. 173

self " from pain of body and other severer trials not
convenient to mention," besides seeing her husband's
health rapidly failing ; but no word about her own pro-
bable privations after his demise ever seems to have
escaped her. Perhaps this was from the unselfishness
of her nature, or perhaps she never thought it likely
that she should survive him. She alludes to several of
these subjects in portions of a letter to John :

" I don't know how you may have represented your
case to Dr. Huntingdon. I have had occasion to make
some observation in consumptions, and am pretty cer-
tain that several symptoms of that disorder are begin-
ning upon you, and that unless you take more care than
you do, you will put the matter past dispute in a little
time. But take your own way ; I have already given
you up, as I have some before which once were very
dear to me. Charles, though I believe not in a con-
sumption, is in a fine state of health for a man of
two or three and twenty, that can.'t eat a full meal
but he must presently throw it up again ! It is a
great pity that folks should be no wiser, and that
they can't fit the mean in a case where it is so ob-
vious to view that none can mistake it that do not
do it on purpose. I heartily join with your small
society in all their pious and charitable actions which
are intended for God's glory, and am glad to hear that
Mr. Clayton and Mr. Hall have met with desired suc-
cess. May you still in such good works go on and
prosper. Though absent in body, I am with you in the
spirit, and daily recommend and commit you all to
Divine Providence. You do well to wait on the Bishop,
because it is a point of prudence and civility ; though,
if he be a good man, I cannot think it in the power of
anyone to prejudice him against you.

174 SUSANNA WESLEY.

" Your arguments against horse-races do certainly
conclude against masquerades, balls, plays, operas, and
all such light and vain diversions, which, whether the
gay people of the world will own it or no, do strongly
confirm and strengthen the lust of the flesh, the lust
of the eye, and the pride of life ; all which we must
renounce, or renounce our God and hope of eternal
salvation. I will not say it is impossible for a person
to have any sense of religion who frequents those vile
assemblies, but I never, throughout the course of my
long life, knew so much as one serious Christian that
did ; nor can I see how a lover of God can have any
relish for such vain amusements.

" The The Life of God in the Soul of Man is an ex-
cellent, good book, and was an acquaintance of mine
many years ago, but I have unfortunately lost it.
There are many good things in Baxter, with some
faults, which I overlook for the sake of the virtues.
Nor can I say of all the books of divinity I have read
which is the best ; one is the best at one time, one at
another, according to the temper and disposition of the
mind.

" Your father is in a very bad state of health : he
sleeps little and eats less. He seems not to have any
apprehension of his approaching exit, but I fear he has
but a short time to live. It is with much pain and
difficulty that he performs Divine Service on the Lord's
Day, which sometimes he is obliged to contract very
much. Everybody observes his decay but himself,
and people really seem much concerned for him and
his family.

" The two girls, being uneasy in their present situa-
tions, do not apprehend the sad consequences which in
all appearance must attend his death so much as I

PARTINGS. 175

think they ought to do ; for, as bad as they think their
condition now, I doubt it will be far worse when his
head is laid low. Your sisters send their love to you
and Charles ; and my love and blessing to you both.
Adieu.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

Some parts of a very long letter written to John by
his mother during Mr. Wesley's last absence in
London, are interesting as showing how well she was
acquainted, through her son's conversation and letters,
with his Oxford friends, and the mode of dividing
their time and regulating their occupations which
had already earned for them the appellation of
Methodists :

SON, " Saturday, March 30th, 1734.

" The young gentleman's father (Mr. Morgan),
for aught I can perceive, has a better notion of
religion than many people, though not the best, for
few insist upon the necessity of private prayers.
But if they go to church sometimes, and abstain
from the grossest acts of mortal sin, though they
.are ignorant of the spirit and power of godliness,
and have no sense of the love of God and universal
benevolence, yet they rest well satisfied of their sal-
vation, and are pleased to think they enjoy the world
as much as they can while they live, and have heaven
in reserve when they die. I have met with abundance
of these people in my time, and I think it one of
the most difficult things imaginable to bring these
off from their carnal security, and to convince them
that heaven is a state as well as a place a state of
holiness begun in this life, though not perfected till
we enter on life eternal that all sins are so many

176 SUSANNA WESLEY.

spiritual diseases, which must be cured by the power
of Christ before we can be capable of being happy,
even though it were possible for us to be admitted
into heaven hereafter. If the young man's father
were well apprised of this, he would not venture to
pronounce his son a good Christian upon such weak
grounds as he seems to do. Yet, notwithstanding the
father's indifference, I cannot but conceive good hopes
of the son, because he chooses to spend so much of his
time with you (for I presume he is not forced to it) ;
and if we may not from thence conclude that he is
good, I think we may believe he desires to be so ; and
if that be the case, give him time. We know that the
great work of regeneration is not performed at once,
but proceeds by slow and often imperceptible degrees,
by reason of the strong opposition which corrupt
nature makes against it. ...

" Mr. Clayton and Mr. Hall (afterwards Mrs. Wes-
ley's son-in-law) are much wiser than I am ; yet, with
submission to their better judgments, I think that
though some mark of visible superiority on your part
is convenient to maintain the order of the world, yet
severity is not ; since experience may convince us that
such kind of behaviour towards a man (children are
out of the question) may make him a hypocrite, but
will never make him a convert. Never trouble your-
self to enquire whether he love you or not. If you
can persuade him to love God, he will love you as much
as is necessary. If he love not God, his love is of no
value. But be that as it may, we must refer all things
to God, and be as indifferent as we possibly can be in
all matters wherein the great enemy self is concerned.

" If you and your few pious companions have
devoted two hours in the evening to religious reading

PARTINGS. 177

or conference, there can be no dispute but that you
ought to spend the whole time in such exercises as it
was set apart for. But if your evenings be not strictly
devoted, I see no harm in talking sometimes of your
secular affairs ; but if, as you say, it does your novice
no good, and does yourselves harm, the case is plain
you must not prejudice your own souls to do another
good, much less ought you to do so when you can do
no good at all. Of this ye are better judges than I
can be.

" It was well you paid not for a double letter. I am
always afraid of putting you to charge, and that fear
prevented me from sending you a long scribble indeed
a while ago. For a certain person [probably John
Whitelamb] and I had a warm debate on some impor-
tant points in religion, wherein we could not agree ;
afterwards he wrote some propositions which I endea-
voured to answer. And this controversy I was minded
to have sent you, and to have desired your judgment
upon it, but the unreasonable cost of such a letter then
hindered me from sending it. Since, I have heard him
in two sermons contradict every article he before
defended, which makes me hope that upon second
thoughts his mind is changed ; and if that is so, what
was said in private conference ought not to be re-
membered, and therefore I would not send you the
papers at all.

" I cannot think Mr. Hall does well in refusing an
opportunity of doing so much service to religion as he
certainly might do if he accepted the living he is about
to refuse. Surely there never was more need of ortho-
dox, sober divines in our Lord's vineyard than there is
now ; and why a man of his extraordinary piety and
love for souls should decline the service in this critical

12

178 SUSANNA WESLEY.

juncture I cannot conceive. But this is none of my
business.

" You want no direction from me how to employ
your time. I thank God for his inspiring you with a
resolution of heing faithful in improving that important
talent committed to your trust. It would be of no
service to you to know in any particular what I do or
what method in examination or anything else I observe.
I am superannuated, and do not now live as I would,
but as I can. I cannot observe order, or think consis-
tently, as formerly. When I have a lucid interval I
aim at improving it ; but alas ! it is but aiming.
#*.#

" But I am got towards the end of my paper before
I am aware. One word more, and I have done. As
your course of life is austere, and your diet low, so
the passions, as far as they depend on the body, will
be low too. Therefore you must not judge of your
interior state by your not feeling great fervours of
spirit and extraordinary agitations, as plentiful weep-
ing, &c., but rather by firm adherence of your will
to God. If upon examination you perceive that you
still choose Him for your only good, that your spirit
(to use a Scripture phrase) cleaveth stedfastly to Him,
follow Mr. Baxter's advice and you will be easy : ' Put
your souls, with all your sins and dangers, and all their
interests, into the hand of Jesus Christ your Saviour,
and trust them wholly with Him by a resolved faith.
It is He that hath purchased them, and therefore
loveth them. It is He that is the owner of them, by
right of redemption ; and it is now become His own
interest, even for the success and honour of His
redemption, to save them/

" When I begin to write to you, I think I do not

PARTINGS. 179

know how to make an end. I fully purposed, when
I began to write, to be very brief; but I will con-
clude, though I find I shall be forced to make up
such a clumsy letter as I did last time. To-day
John Brown, sen., sets forward for London, in order to
attend your father home. Pray give my love and
blessing to Charles. I hope he is well, though I have
never heard from him since he left Epworth. Dear
Jacky, God Almighty bless thee !

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

This last journey had been made by the Rector to
London in his endeavour to see his " Dissertations on
Job " through the press. He printed five hundred
copies, more than three hundred of which were sub-
scribed for, and Samuel at Tiverton and John at
Oxford did their best to obtain subscriptions for the
rest. Meanwhile he and his eldest son both did their
utmost to persuade John to take the living of Ep-
worth, so as to keep on the old home ; but John gave
twenty-six reasons against it, very good in his own
eyes and in those of posterity. Perhaps the one upper-
most at the moment was his utter freedom from care
while in residence at Oxford. His food was ready at
certain hours, and his income at fixed periods, so that
he had only to take, count, and carry it home. The
family had seen so much of care for meat and drink
and the wherewithal for clothing, that this was perfectly
natural. Afterwards, however, he did inquire in the
necessary quarter whether it was possible that the Lord
Chancellor might give him the living of Epworth, and,
hearing that it was most unlikely, abandoned the pro-
ject altogether.

The last time Mrs. Weslev put pen to paper before

12 *

180 SUSANNA WESLEY.

her husband's death was on February 14th, 1735, when
the household probably consisted only of the Rector,
herself, Kezzy, and John Whitelamb. Mary was dead,
Patty in London, and John in the study, writing to his
father-in-law's dictation, or in some way endeavouring
to lighten the burden of old age and infirmity. As the
spring came on the Rector became weaker, and at length,
feeling sure that the end was near, Mrs. Wesley sent
for John and Charles. They came in time for him to
enjoy seeing and talking with them ; and as they
watched him, they observed how his most cherished
aspirations were given up at the approach of death.
These were the desire of finishing " Job," of paying
his debts, and of seeing his eldest son once more in
the flesh. Emilia came over from Gainsborough, where
her brothers had enabled her to set up a school for her-
self; and they took turns in watching and tending him.
Mrs. Wesley was thoroughly broken down, and came
into the room but rarely, for she invariably fainted
and had to be carried away and restored by those
whose hands were already so full. Mr. Wesley passed
peacefully away at sunset on April 25th, 1735, sensible
to the end, drawing his last breath as his son John
finished repeating the commendatory prayer for the
second time. They went immediately to tell their
mother, who was less affected than they feared she
would have been, and said that her prayers were heard
in his having so easy a death and her being so
strengthened to bear it.

Charles wrote all particulars on the 30th, probably
two days after the funeral, to his brother Samuel, who
was then settled at Tiverton, and added :

" My mother would be exceedingly glad to see you
as soon as can be. We have computed the debts,

PARTINGS. 181

and find they amount to above one hundred pounds,
exclusive of Cousin Richardson's. Mrs. Knight, her
(Mrs. Wesley's) landlady, seized all her quick stock,
valued at above forty pounds, for fifteen pounds my
father owed her, on Monday last, the day he was
buried. And my brother this afternoon gives a note
for the money, in order to get the stock at liberty to
sell, for security of which he has the stock made over
to him, and will be paid as it can be sold. My father
was buried very frugally, yet decently, in the church-
yard, according to his own desire.

" It will be highly necessary to bring all accounts of
what he owed you, that you may mark all the goods in
the house as principal creditor, and thereby secure to
my mother time and liberty to sell them to the best

advantage.

* * * * #

" If you take London in your way, my mother
desires that you will remember that she is a clergy-
man's widow. Let the Society give her what they
please, she must be still in some degree burdensome to
you, as she calls it. How do I envy you that glorious
burden, and wish I could share it with you ! You must
put me in some way of getting a little money, that
I may do something in the shipwreck of the family,
though it be no more than furnishing a plank."

All that was mortal of Samuel Wesley was laid in
Epworth churchyard, and over his remains was placed
a grit slab, supported by brickwork, and having cut on
its surface an epitaph written by his widow. This was
re-cut and repaired in 1819 by Dr. Adam Clarke, and
in 1872 the tomb was thoroughly restored by a lady
living at Epworth.

182 SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER XIV.

WIDOWHOOD.

THERE was nothing to detain Mrs. Wesley at Epworth
after her few affairs were settled and her sons had re-
turned to Tiverton and Oxford. Samuel took Kezia home
with him, and the mother took up her abode for a sea-
son with her eldest daughter at Gainsborough. It was
no doubt a comfort to her to be with Emilia as the
attachment between them had always been very strong,
and Martha, the other daughter, who was particularly
devoted to her mother, was in London, and preparing
to be married. The man to whom she was engaged
was Mr. "Wesley, or Westley Hall, the friend and
disciple of her brothers at Oxford, who was mentioned
in some of Mrs. Wesley's letters to her sons. Martha
first met him while keeping her uncle Matthew's
house in London, where he proposed to her and was
accepted, and he afterwards accompanied John and
Charles to Epworth, where, curiously enough, no one
seems to have known anything about his engagement,
and he made diligent love to Kezia. After winning her
affections, he pretended to have a vision from heaven
forbidding the match, and, probably being quite aware
of Mr. Matthew Wesley's kind intentions towards his

WIDOWHOOD. 183

favourite niece, returned to his allegiance to Martha.
When the brothers heard that she was about to marry
Mr. Hall, they accused her of having robbed Kezia of
her lover, and then she wrote a full account of the
whole affair to her mother, who considered her quite
justified in accepting Mr. Hall, and formally gave her
consent to the match, adding that if the uncle also gave
his, there could be no obstacle.

The pair were united in the summer of 1735, and
went to reside at Wootton in Gloucestershire, where
the bridegroom had a curacy. The wedding was cele-
brated by quite a long poem, which appeared in the
Gentleman's Magazine for September of that year.

The attention of John and Charles Wesley was just
then much engrossed by their approaching departure
to Georgia. General James Oglethorpe had some
years previously founded the State of Georgia ; he
was, as we have seen, in correspondence with the
Rector of Epworth, and personally acquainted with
Samuel Wesley of Westminster, and in this manner
came to know his energetic and zealous young brother.
In 1732, he returned to England to beat up recruits
for the better population of his colony and mission
work among the natives. Through the assistance of
the Government, he got together 130 Highlanders and
170 Germans to go back with him, and engaged John
Wesley as chaplain and missionary, and Charles as his
private secretary. When this expedition was first pro-
posed to them it was personally distasteful, and John
decidedly refused it. The general and the trustees
urged him to reconsider his determination, and he no
doubt remembered his father's warm interest in the
colony. He was somewhat shaken in his resolution,
but still said he could not leave England while his aged

384 SUSANNA WESLEY.

and infirm mother lived. Then he was asked whether
her consent to his going would alter the case, so he
went down to Gainsborough and spent three days with
Mrs. Wesley and Emilia, resolving in his own mind to
accept his mother's decision as the voice of Providence.
Her reply to what he had to say to her was, " Had I
twenty sons, I should rejoice that they were all so
employed, though I should never see them more/'

This, of course, was conclusive ; Charles was at once
ordained, taking deacon's and priest's orders within a
few days on account of the exigence of the circum-
stances, and with two Oxford friends, Mr. Ingham and
Mr. Delamotte, they started in faith and not without
a spice of the love of adventure and change of scene
natural to men of their age. They all sailed from
Gravesend, in the good ship Symmonds, on the 14th
of October 1735, about six months after the break-up
of the home at Epworth.

It is not to be supposed that Mrs. Wesley did not
exchange many letters with her sons on the subject,
but only one has been preserved. The following short
epistle was probably her first after they sailed :

" Gainsborough,
" DEAR SON, November 27th, 1735.

God is Being itself, the 1 AM, and therefore
must necessarily be the Supreme Good ! He is so in-
finitely blessed, that every perception of His blissful
presence imparts a glad vitality to the heart. Every
degree of approach towards Him is, in the same pro-
portion, a degree of happiness ; and I often think that
were He always present to our mind, as we are present
to Him, there would be no pain nor sense of misery.
I have long since chose him for my only Good, my All,

WIDOWHOOD. 185

my pleasure, my happiness, in this world as well as in
the world to come. And although I have not been so
faithful to His grace as I ought to have been, yet I feel
my spirit adheres to its choice, and aims daily at
cleaving steadfastly unto God. Yet one thing often
troubles me : that notwithstanding I know that while
we are present with the body we are absent from the
Lord, notwithstanding I have no taste, no relish left
for anything the world calls pleasure, yet I do not long
to go home, as in reason I ought to do. This often
shocks me ; and as I constantly pray (almost without
ceasing) for thee, my son, so I beg you likewise to
pray for me, that God would make me better, and
take me at the best.

" Your loving mother,

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

'In September 1736, Mrs. Wesley, who moved about
more in her widowhood than she had done during all
her previous life, went to reside with her eldest son at
Tiverton, most likely taking the place of Kezia, who
was invited by the Halls to go and live with them.
She was heartily welcomed by Samuel and his wife,
and Mrs. Berry the mother of the latter. Samuel
declared himself to be socially in a desert, " having no
conversable person except my wife, until my mother
came last week.' 7 It is almost certain that, while at
Tiverton, Mrs. Wesley must have told her son as many
particulars as she could remember about her father's
family. It will be remembered that he was first cousin
to the Earl of Anglesey, that he had only two sons (both
of whom were dead, leaving no children), and that he
left all papers in the hands of his youngest daughter,
and, unhappily, they were destroyed in the fire that

186 SUSANNA WESLEY.

consumed Ep worth Parsonage. The Earldom of An-
glesey had become extinct for want of heirs male.
If the Annesley papers had been in existence, it was
supposed that there might have been some possibility
of Samuel Wesley claiming it through his mother. His
only son, however, was dead, and the one daughter^
who grew up to womanhood, married an ambitious
man, a Mr. Earle, who might have pushed his re-
searches vigorously with such a prize in view, had not
Charles Wesley married late in life and become the
father of sons. If there had been any prospect of
success, it would have been that of Charles junior, but
his father, who at twenty years of age had refused to
be recognised as the heir of Garret Wesley of Dangan,.
was the last man to prosecute any inquiries into the
inheritance of English estates and a title. The Earles
after a time went to France and settled there ; one of
the daughters, it is said, married the celebrated Marshal
Ney.

Disquieting intelligence speedily came from Georgia.
John and Charles were terribly disappointed, espe-
cially the latter. He also became possessed of the
idea that he was unregenerate. Samuel wrote urging
his return, and sent word to John that he was uneasy
about Kezia's residence with the Halls, both because
he distrusted his sister's husband and on account of
the affection the girl had previously had for him. He
could not afford, he said, to keep her unless John
could pay for her board. Charles did return, reach-
ing England on the 3rd of December 1736, bringing
dispatches from the colonists. He was heartily wel-
comed by his uncle Matthew, and at his house re-
ceived a warm-hearted letter from Samuel, with all
news, and an invitation to Tiverton, which he speedily

WIDOWHOOD. 187

accepted, to the great joy of his mother, who was,
however, at the moment confined to her room by
illness.

In July 1737, Mrs. Wesley took up her abode with
the Halls, where she seems to have been very com-
fortable. About her residence with them at Wootton,
little is known. A letter from her to Mrs. Berry at
Tiverton is in existence, but it is almost exclusively
theological. In the concluding paragraph she says :
" I thank God, I am somewhat better in health than
when I wrote last, and I tell you, because I know you
will be pleased with it, that Mr. Hall and his wife are
very good to me. He behaves like a gentleman and a
Christian, and my daughter with as much duty and
tenderness as can be expressed, so that on this
account I am very easy." When the Halls moved to
Fisherton near Salisbury, she accompanied them, and
it was while living there that she had the joy of seeing
John return from Georgia, and, from what she heard
from him and Charles, came to the conclusion that
neither of them ought to go back there. She was
very much astonished when her sons made the dis-
covery (so called) that their religious creed and teach-
ing had up to that time been erroneous, and declared
that only by faith in the Atonement of Christ could
men believe in the salvation of their souls. From
that time forth they preached the doctrines known to
theologians as justification by faith and the witness of
the Spirit. She, perhaps, recognised that " God
fulfils Himself in many ways," and was, moreover,
approaching the border-land where souls see through
the mist of prejudices to the eternal verities ; for in
reply to an excited letter from her eldest son, who
cautioned everyone he knew to beware of this novel

188 SUSANNA WESLEY.

method of preaching the Gospel, she penned an epistle
Tvhich, having been much discussed, has become
almost historical. She is supposed to have been on a
visit to Epworth at the time :

" DEAR SON, " Thursday, March 8th, 1738-9.

Your two double letters came to me safe last
Friday. I thank you for them, and have received
much satisfaction in reading them. They are written
with good spirit and judgment, sufficient, I should
think, to satisfy any unprejudiced mind that the
reviving these pretensions to dreams, visions, &c., is
not only vain and frivolous as to the matter of them,
but also of dangerous consequence to the weaker sort
of Christians. You have well observed ' that it is not
the method of Providence to use extraordinary means
to bring about that for which ordinary ones are
sufficient.' Therefore the very end for which they
pretend that these new revelations are sent seems to
me one of the best arguments against the truth of
them. As far as I can see, they plead that these
visions, &c., are given to assure some particular per-
-sons of their adoption and salvation. But this end is
abundantly provided for in the Holy Scriptures,
wherein all may find the rules by which we must live
here and be judged hereafter, so plainly laid down,
' that he who runs may read ' ; and it is by these laws
we should examine ourselves, which is a way of God's
appointment, and therefore we may hope for His
direction and assistance in such examination. And
if, upon a serious review of our state, we find that in
the tenour of our lives we have or do now sincerely
desire and endeavour to perform the conditions of the
gospel covenant required on our parts, then we may

WIDOWHOOD. 189-

discern that the Holy Spirit hath laid in our own
minds a good foundation of a strong, reasonable, and
lively hope of God's mercy through Christ.

" This is the assurance we ought to aim at, which the
apostle calls ' the full assurance of hope,' which he
admonishes us to ' hold fast to the end.' And the con-
sequence of encouraging fanciful people in this new way
of seeking assurance (as all do that hear them tell their
silly stories without rebuke), I think, must be turning
them out of God's way into one of their own devising.
You have plainly proved that the Scripture examples
and that text, in fact, which they urge in their defence
will not answer their purpose, so that they are un-
supported by any authority human or Divine (which
you have well observed) ; and the credit of their rela-
tions must, therefore, depend on their own single
affirmation, which surely will not weigh much with the
sober, judicious part of mankind.

" I began to write to Charles before I last wrote to
you, but could not proceed, for my chimney smoked
so exceedingly that I almost lost my sight, and re-
mained well nigh blind a considerable time. God's
blessing on eye-water I make, cured me of the soreness,
but the weakness long remained. Since, I have been
informed that Mr. Hall intends to remove his family to
London, hath taken a house, and I must (if it please
God I live) go with them, where I hope to see Charles ;
and then I can fully speak my sentiments of their new
notions more than I can do by writing ; therefore I
shall not finish my letter to him.

" You have heard, I suppose, that Mr. Whitfield is
taking a progress through these parts to make a col-
lection for a house in Georgia for orphans and such of
the natives' children as they will part with, to learn

190 SUSANNA WESLEY.

our language and religion. He came hither to see
me, and we talked about your brothers. I told him I
did not like their way of living, wished them in some
place of their own, wherein they might regularly
preach, &c. He replied, ' I could not conceive the
good they did in London ; that the greatest part of
our clergy were asleep, and that there never was a
greater need of itinerant preachers than now ' ; upon
which a gentleman that came with him said that my
son Charles had converted him, and that my sons spent
all their time in doing good. I then asked Mr. Whit-
field if my sons were not for making some innova-
tions in the Church, which I much feared. He assured
me they were so far from it that they endeavoured all
they could to reconcile Dissenters to our communion ;
that my son John had baptised five adult Presbyte-
rians in our own way on St. Paul's Day, and, he be-
lieved, would bring over many to our communion.
His stay was short, so I could not talk with him so
much as I desired. He seems to be a very good man,
and one who truly desires the salvation of mankind.
God grant that the wisdom of the serpent may be
joined to the innocence of the dove !

" My paper and sight are almost at an end, there-
fore I shall only add that I send you and yours my
hearty love and blessing. Service to Mrs. Berry. I
had not an opportunity to send this till Saturday the
13th ult. Love and blessing to Jacky Ellison. Pray
let me hear from you soon. We go in April."

Whether the Halls went to London at that time for
more than a brief visit is not known, nor has any inti-
mation been found of Mrs. Wesley's knowledge of the
trials her daughter had to go through, or the angelic

WIDOWHOOD. 191

manner in which she bore them. In the autumn of the
same year Mrs. Wesley was again at Tiverton with her
eldest son. Charles, who was very open-hearted, wrote
to her fully and freely about the new lights that had
dawned upon him and John, and she replied, not
wishing to discourage him, but with much wonder as
to what the novel ideas might be, and whither they
were tending :

CHARLES, " October 19th, 1738.

"It is with much pleasure I find your mind is
somewhat easier than formerly, and I heartily thank
God for it. The spirit of man may sustain his infir-
mity, but a wounded spirit who can bear ? If this
has been your case, it has been sad indeed. But
blessed be God, who gave you convictions of the evil
of sin, as contrary to the purity of the Divine nature
and the perfect goodness of His law. Blessed be God,
who showed you the necessity you were in of a
Saviour to deliver you from the power of sin and
Satan (for CKrist will be no Saviour to such as see
not their need of one) , and directed you by faith to
lay hold of that stupendous mercy offered us by re-
deeming love. Jesus is the only Physician of souls ;
His blood the only salve that can heal a wounded
conscience.

" It is not in wealth, or honour, or sensual pleasure,
to relieve a spirit heavily laden and weary of the burden
of sin. These things have power to increase our guilt
by alienating our hearts from God ; but none to make
our peace with Him, to reconcile God to man, and man
to God, and to renew the union between the Divine
-and human nature.

"No, there is none but Christ, none but Christ,

192 SUSANNA WESLEY.

who is sufficient for these things. But blessed be God,
He is an all-sufficient Saviour; and blessed be Hi&
holy name, that thou hast found Him a Saviour to
thee, my son ! Oh, let us love Him much, for we have
much forgiven !

"I would gladly know what your notion is of jus-
tifying faith, because you speak of it as a thing you
have but lately received.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

A second letter, which shows that Mrs. Wesley did
not quite comprehend the change of views experienced
by her sons, and inculcated by them on their followers,
was probably also written from Tiverton :

' DEAR CHARLES, " December 6th, 1738.

" I think you are fallen into an odd way of
thinking. You say that till within a few months you
had no spiritual life nor any justifying faith.

" Now, this is as if a man should affirm he was not
alive in his infancy, because when an infant he did not
know he was alive. All, then, that I can gather from
your letter is that till a little while ago you were not
so well satisfied of your being a Christian as you are
now. I heartily rejoice that you have now attained to
a strong and lively hope in God's mercy through
Christ. Not that I can think you were totally with-
out saving faith before ; but it is one thing to have
faith, and another thing to be sensible we have it.
Faith is the fruit of the Spirit and the gift of God ;
but to feel or be inwardly sensible that we have true
faith, requires a further operation of God's Holy
Spirit. You say you have peace, but not joy in be-
lieving. Blessed be God for peace ! May this peace

WIDOWHOOD. 193

rest with you. Joy will follow, perhaps not very
closely, but it will follow faith and love. God's pro-
mises are sealed to us but not dated, therefore patiently
attend His pleasure. He will give you joy in believing.
Amen.

"Sus. WESLEY."

Mrs. Wesley was calmer than her son Samuel, but
he was terribly alarmed by the reports of the strange
wave of excitement that broke over men's souls and
bodies at the preaching of his brothers and Mr. Whit-
field; at the refusal of the clergy to allow them to
speak from their pulpits, and of the bishops to permit
them to preach in their dioceses. He recognised the
voice of the priest announcing the forgiveness of sins
from the place sanctioned by the authority of the
Church, but he was afraid of the same doctrine when
promulgated out of doors under the canopy of heaven.
It seemed to him as if the bulwarks of the body eccle-
siastic were being beaten down and the flood-gates of
schism opened. Perhaps that, too, was the view of the
Hebrew Rabbis eighteen hundred years ago, when the
young and unknown Teacher spoke words that thrilled
the hearts of the multitudes that clustered round him
on the lake-shore or mountain-side. No such move-
ment had ever roused England before; it was the
response of soul to soul, the awakening of humanity
from a long sleep, the magnetic touch of spiritual
genius that kindled dry bones into vivid life. Samuel
Wesley, with all his goodness, lacked the magic of
the divine afflatus ; but his mother, with her finer
feminine instinct, began to feel and comprehend its
inspiration. Perhaps the strife of tongues would have
waxed hot in the family, had not the Master he

13

194 SUSANNA WESLEY.

served faithfully according to his lights called Samuel
up to the realms of peace and clear vision. Mrs.
Wesley left him in his usual health at Tivertou and
went to London early in 1739, perhaps resting at
Salisbury on her way. John contemplated making
a home and centre for his work in the metropolis,
and wished her to live there. The Halls were near,
Hetty in Soho, Anne at Hatfield, and Kezzy, her
youngest born, at Bexley, where her brother John had
placed her in the family of the Vicar, Mr. Piers, his
friend and follower. Charles had recently been ill,
and Kezzy, though delicate herself, had nursed him
tenderly. The mother probably hailed the opportunity
of being within easy reach of them all, and regarded
the Foundry as a haven of rest for her old age. It
certainly promised well, and bade fair to be a plea-
sant, healthy, airy residence.

Moorfields was the people's park of the period,
with fine old elm trees, wide stretches of green grass
and broad gravel walks, where the city fathers en-
joyed rest and recreation with their families after
business hours. Close to this open space was Wind-
mill Hill, on the east side of which stood a ruinous
tiled building, where successive Governments had cast
the first great guns used by our armies. But in
1716, while the French cannon taken in Marlborough's
successful campaigns were being re-cast, a terrible ex-
plosion took place, blowing off the roof, shattering
the walls, and killing and maiming many of the work-
men. It was felt that such a source of danger ought
not to exist in the very midst of London, and for
the future the guns were cast at Woolwich, the old
foundry being left in ruins. There were about forty
yards of frontage, and the depth of the plot of land on

WIDOWHOOD. 195

which it stood was thirty-three yards. The site and
building were secured for 115, and the edifice, when
altered, repaired, and adapted for its new purposes
cost about 650 more. John Wesley had no income
beyond that brought in by his Oxford fellowship, but
friends lent and subscribed money, though the full
amount was long in coming. There was a rough
chapel with benches, a rude pulpit, hastily made of
boards, a house for the accommodation of the lay
preachers and one or two servants, a small coach-
house and stable, and, over the band room, apartments
for John Wesley, to which he brought home his mother
and installed her as mistress.

Here she was able to talk many things over with
her son, who tells us that till a short time previously
she said " she had scarce heard such a thing mentioned
as the having God's spirit bear witness with our
spirit : much less did she imagine that this was the
common privilege of all true believers. 'Therefore/
said she, ' I never durst ask it for myself. But two or
three weeks ago, while my son Hall was pronouncing
these words in delivering the cup to me, "The blood
of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee/ v
the words struck through my heart, and I knew God
for Christ's sake had forgiven me all my sins/ I
asked whether her father (Dr. Annesley) had not the
same faith ; and whether she had not heard him preach
it to others. She answered, he had it himself; and
declared a little before his death, that for more than
forty years, he had no darkness, no fear, no doubt at
all of his being accepted in the Beloved. But that,
nevertheless, she did not remember to have heard him
preach, no, not once, explicitly upon it; whence she
supposed he also looked upon it as the peculiar bless-

13 *

196 SUSANNA WESLEY.

ing of a few ; not as promised to all the people of
God."

Thus Mrs. Wesley was won to the views of her son
John, much to the distress of Samuel, who wrote
about the middle of October 1739 :

<( John and Charles are now become so notorious,
the world will be curious to know when and how they
were born, what schools bred at, what colleges of in
Oxford, and when matriculated, what degrees they
took, and where, when, and by whom ordained ; what
books they have written or published. I wish they
may spare so much time as to vouchsafe a little of
their story. For my own part, I had much rather
have them picking straws within the walls, than
preaching in the area of Moorfields.

" It was with exceeding concern and grief I heard
you had countenanced a spreading delusion, so far as
to be one of Jack's congregation. Is it not enough
that I am bereft of both my brothers, but must my
mother follow too ? I earnestly beseech the Almighty
to preserve you from joining a schism at the close of
your life, as you were unfortunately engaged in one at
the beginning of it. It will cost you many a protest,
should you retain your integrity, as I hope to God you
will. They boast of you already as a disciple. Charles
has told Joe Bentham that I do not differ much, if
we understand one another. I am afraid I must be
forced to advertise, such is their apprehension or their
charity. But they design separation. Things will
take their natural course, without an especial inter-
position of Providence. They are already forbid all
the pulpits in London, and to preach in that diocese
is actual schism. In all likelihood it will come to
the same all over England, if the bishops have courage

; WIDOWHOOD. 197

enough. They leave off the liturgy in the fields ;
though Mr. Whitfield expresses his value for it, he
never once read it to his tatterdemalions on a
common. Their societies are sufficient to dissolve all
other societies but their own. Will any man of
common sense, or spirit, suffer any domestic to be in a
bond engaged to relate everything without reserve to five
or ten people, what concerns the person's conscience,
how much soever it may concern the family ? Ought
any married persons to be there, unless husband and
wife be there together ? This is literally putting
asunder whom God hath joined together. As I told
Jack, I am not afraid the Church should excommuni-
cate him, discipline is at too low an ebb, but that he
should excommunicate the Church. It is pretty near
it; holiness and good works are not so much as con-
ditions of our acceptance with God. Love feasts are
introduced, and extemporary prayers and expositions
of scripture, which last are enough to bring in all
confusion ; nor is it likely they will want any miracles
to support them. He only can stop them from being
a formed sect, in a very little time, who ruleth the
madness of the people.

" Ecclesiastical censures have lost their terrors,
thank fanaticism on the one hand, and atheism on the
other. To talk of persecution, therefore, from thence,
is mere insult. It is .

' To call the bishop greybeard Gaff,
And make his power as mere a scaff,

As Dagon when his hands were off.'
* * * *

" My sister Hall has written to me on the subject,
whom I will answer as soon as ever I can. In the
meantime I shall be glad to hear from you, and beg

198 SUSANNA WESLEY.

your blessing upon us and ours, and your prayers that
we may be safely guided through the painful remnant
of our lives, and arrive by Christ's mercies to everlast-
ing happiness.

" I am, dear Mother,
" Your dutiful and affectionate Son,

" SAMUEL WESLEY."

This long letter must have been one of the last
Samuel Wesley ever wrote. He had not been very
well, but considered himself "on the mending hand."
On the 5th of November he went to bed in fairly
good health, but was taken ill at three o'clock in the
morning, and died after four hours suffering, at the
age of forty-nine.

Before taking leave of Samuel Wesley, it is worth
while to mention that St. George's Hospital, nearly
opposite Apsley House, owes its existence to him. It
was originally an infirmary, the first in Westminster,
and was founded, in 1719, mainly through his untiring
exertions. Hyde Park Corner thus bears witness to
the triumphs of two kinsmen, one of whom was an
adept in the arts of war, and the other in those of
peace.

199

CHAPTER XV.

LAST YEARS.

THE news of Samuel Wesley's death was communicated
by a friend and neighbour to Charles, who was then at
Bristol, and probably also to John at the Foundry.
The latter had often been rallied by his relatives on
his reticence as to family matters, and it appears
that he actually started off to meet Charles and go
with him to Tiverton to see their widowed sister-in-
law without communicating the sad news to his
mother, who was ill in her own room. Very likely
he had not the heart to do so, for all the family knew
how dearly she loved her first-born, and what a pattern
son he had been to her. Possibly he commissioned
one of his sisters to tell her gently. How she bore it
she herself told Charles :

" DEAR CHARLES, " November 29th, 1739.

" Upon the first hearing of your brother's death,
I did immediately acquiesce in the will of God, without
the least reluctance. Only I marvelled that Jacky did
not inform me of it before he left, since he knew
thereof; but he was unacquainted with the manner of
God's dealing with me in extraordinary cases, which,

200 ^ SUSANNA WESLEY.

indeed, is no wonder ; for though I have so often
experienced His infinite mercy and power in my sup-
port, and inward calmness of spirit when the trial
would otherwise have been too strong for me, yet His
ways of working are to myself incomprehensible and
ineffable. Your brother was exceeding dear to me
in this life, and perhaps I have erred in loving him
too well. I once thought it impossible to bear his
loss, but none know what they can bear till they
are tried. As your good old grandfather used to say,
' That is an affliction that God makes an affliction.'
Surely the manifestation of His presence and favour
is more than an adequate support under any suffer-
ing whatever. If He withhold His consolations, and
hide His face from us, the least suffering is intolerable.
But, blessed and adored be His holy name, it hath
not been so with me, though I am infinitely un-
worthy of the least of all His mercies. I rejoice in
having a comfortable hope of my dear son's salvation.
He is now at rest, and would not return to earth
to gain the world. Why then should I mourn? He
hath reached the haven before me, but I shall soon
follow him. He must not return to me, but I shall
go to him, never to part more.

" I thank you for your care of my temporal affairs.
It was natural to think that I should be troubled for
my dear son's death on that account, because so
considerable a part of my support was cut off. But
to say the truth, I have never had one anxious thought
of such matters; for it came immediately into my
mind that God by my child's loss had called me to
a firmer dependance on Himself; that though my
son was good, he was not my God; and that now
our Heavenly Father seemed to have taken my cause

LAST YEARS. 201

more immediately into His own hand ; and, therefore,
even against hope, I believed in hope that I should
never suffer more.

" I cannot write much, being but weak. I have not
been down-stairs above ten weeks, though better than
I was lately. Pray give my kind love and blessing to
my daughter and Philly. I pray God to support and
provide for her.

" SUSANNA WESLEY."

About a month afterwards she wrote again, probably
in reply to a letter from Charles, whose head-quarters
were at Bristol :

"Foundry, December 27th, 1739.
<c DEAR CHARLES,

" You cannot more desire to see me than I do to
see you. Your brother, whom I shall henceforth call Son
Wesley, since my dear Sam is gone home, has just been
with me and much revived my spirits. Indeed, I have
often found that he never speaks in my hearing with-
out my receiving some spiritual benefit. But his visits
are seldom and short, for which I never blame him,
because I know he is well employed, and, blessed be
God, hath great success in his ministry. But, my dear
Charles, still I want either him or you ; for, indeed, in
the most literal sense, I am become a little child and
want continual succour. ' As iron sharpeneth iron, so
doth the countenance of a man his friend.' I feel
much comfort and support from religious conversation
when I can obtain it. Formerly I rejoiced in the
absence of company, and found the less I had of crea-
ture comforts the more I had from God. But, alas !
I am fallen from that spiritual converse I once enjoyed.

202 SUSANNA WESLEY.

And why is it so ? Because I want faith. God is an
omnipresent unchangeable God, in whom is no vari-
ableness neither shadow of turning; the fault is in
myself, and I attribute all mistakes in judgment and
all errors in practice to want of faith in the blessed
Jesus. Oh, my dear, when I consider the dignity of
His person, the perfection of His purity, the greatness
of His sufferings, but above all His boundless love, I
am astonished and utterly confounded ; I am lost in
thought. I fall into nothing before Him ! Oh, how
inexcusable is that person who has knowledge of these
things, and yet remains poor and low in faith and love.
I speak as one guilty in this matter. I have been pre-
vented from finishing my letter. I complained I had
none to converse with me on spiritual things, but for
these several days I have had the conversation of many
good Christians, who have refreshed in some measure
my fainting spirits ; and though they hindered my
writing, yet it was a pleasing and I hope not an unpro-
fitable interruption they gave me. I hope we shall
shortly speak face to face ; and I shall then, if God
permit, impart my thoughts more fully. But then,
alas ! when you come, your brother leaves me. Yet
that is the will of God, in whose blessed service you
are engaged, who has hitherto blessed your labours, and
preserved your persons. That He may continue so to
prosper your work, and protect you both from evil, and
give you strength and courage to preach the true gospel
in opposition to the united prayers of evil men and evil
angels, is the hearty prayer of, dear Charles,
" Your loving mother,

" SUSANNA WESLEV."

About this time Emilia Wesley, who had been for a

LAST YEARS. 203

few years married to the sometime apothecary of
Epworth, the terribly impecunious Mr. Harper, became
a widow, and, leaving Gainsborough, came with a true
and favourite servant to remain with her mother at the
Foundry.

It must also have been at this juncture that Mrs.
Wesley gave her testimony, in one instance, at least, in
favour of lay preaching. John Wesley's work was that
of an evangelist and organizer, whose parish was the
world ; he rode from place to place strengthening the
churches, and it was necessary that someone should be
left in charge at the Foundry. The person selected was
Mr. Thomas Maxfield, " a young man of good sense and
piety." His duties were to meet the classes and bands,
and read and explain the Scriptures. From this to
preaching a sermon was only a step, and he soon did
it, speaking with much earnestness and eloquence.
John Wesley was greatly disturbed when he heard of
it and came quickly home. His mother saw that some-
thing was wrong, and asked what it was. " Thomas
Maxfield has turned preacher, I find," was the curt
answer of the man whose natural desire was to be head
and chief in whatever he undertook. Mrs. Wesley
soon gave him her opinion on the matter :

" John, you know what my sentiments have been.
You cannot suspect me of readily favouring anything
of this kind. But take care what you do with respect
to that young man ; for he is as surely called of God
to preach as you are. Examine what have been the
fruits of his preaching, and hear him yourself/'

The mother's words had weight, and Maxfield
preached before his master. "It is the Lord," ex-
claimed John Wesley, " let Him do what seemeth Him
good. What am I that I should withstand God ?"

204 SUSANNA WESLEY.

And thus the ordained priest, who had been a stickler
for sacerdotal privileges, the scholar and " Fellow of
Lincoln " was led to sanction the lay preaching which
was destined to form an important element in the
Methodism he founded. It is supposed that Mrs.
Wesley took a warm interest in the women who joined
the classes at the Foundry and came there for teaching
and advice. She would naturally do so when well
enough.

It was characteristic of a youthful zealot like Charles
Wesley to imagine that his mother's views of the plan
of salvation were inadequate and to endeavour to cor-
rect them in a long letter. She not only took what he
had to say very meekly but laid his words to heart ;
and her humble yet dignified reply to him is the last
letter she is known to have written :

"DEAR CHARLES, "Foundry, Oct. 2nd, 1740.

" I do heartily join with you in giving God
thanks for your recovery. He hath many wise reasons
for every event of Providence, far above our apprehen-
sion, and I doubt not but His having restored you to
some measure of health again will answer many ends
which as yet you are ignorant of.

"I thank you for your kind letter; I call it so,
because I verily believe it was dictated by a sincere
desire of my spiritual and eternal good. There is too
much truth in many of your accusations : nor do I
intend to say one word in my own defence, but rather
choose to refer all things to Him that knoweth all
things. This I must tell you : you are somewhat mis-
taken in my case. Alas ! it is far worse than you
apprehend it to be ! I am not one of those who have
never been enlightened, or made partaker of the

LAST YEARS. 205

heavenly gift, or of the Holy Ghost, but have many
years since been fully awakened, and am deeply sensible
of sin, both original and actual. My case is rather
like that of the Church of Ephesus ; I have not been
faithful to the talents committed to my trust, and have
lost my first love. ' Yet, is there any hope in Israel
concerning this thing ? ' I do not, and by the grace of
God I will not, despair ; for ever since my sad defec-
tion, when I was almost without hope, when I had
forgotten God, yet I then found He had not forgotten
me. Even then He did by His Spirit apply the merits
of the great Atonement to my soul, by telling me that
Christ died for me. Shall the God of truth, the
Almighty Saviour, tell me that I am interested in His
blood and righteousness, and shall I not believe Him ?
God forbid ! I do, I will believe ; and though I am
the greatest of sinners, that does not discourage me ;
for all my transgressions are the sins of a finite person,
but the merits of our Lord's sufferings and righteous-
ness are infinite ! If I do want anything without
which I cannot be saved (of which I am not at present
sensible), then I believe I shall not die before that
want is supplied. You ask many questions which I
care not to answer ; but I refer you to our dear Lord,
who will satisfy you in all things necessary for you to
know. I cannot conceive why you affirm yourself to
be no Christian, which is in effect to tell Christ to His
face that you have nothing to thank Him for, since
you are not the better for anything He hath yet done
or suffered for you. Oh ! what great dishonour, what
wondrous ingratitude, is this to the ever-blessed Jesus ?
I think myself far from being so good a Christian as
you are, or as I ought to be ; but God forbid that I
should renounce the little Christianity I have ; nay,

206 SUSANNA WESLEY.

let me rather grow in grace and in the knowledge of
our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen. I know
not what other opinion people may have of human
nature, but, for my part, I think that without the
grace of God we are utterly incapable of thinking,
speaking, or doing anything good : therefore, if in any
part of our life we have been enabled to perform any-
thing good, we should give God the glory. If we have
not improved the talents given us, the fault is our own.
I find this is a way of talking much used among this
people, which has much offended me ; and I have often
wished they would talk less of themselves and more of
God. I often hear loud complaints of sin, &c., but
rarely, very rarely, any word of praise and thanks-
giving to our dear Lord, or acknowledgment of His
Infinite . . ."

The remaining sentences are lost, and, as they pro-
bably bore on the kind of persons who frequented the
Foundry and its services, it is a pity.

It was about six months after the date of this letter,
early in March 1741, that Kezia Wesley died at Bexley
at the age of thirty-two. It is supposed that she never
quite recovered the shock of finding that Wesley Hall
had played with her youthful affections as a mere
pastime while he was pledged to her sister Martha.
She was the youngest, born just after her mother had
gone through the terrible ordeal of fright and danger
at the Epworth fire. She had endured many privations
herself in her youth, all of which helped to account for
her delicacy ; but hearts do count for something in
women's lives, and an unhappy attachment often pro-
duces a want of physical rallying power, especially in
one who has no very strong ties to life. Charles seems

LAST YEARS. 207

to have been present when his sister died, and to have
been satisfied with her mental and spiritual state.

The only specific disease from which Mrs. Wesley
suffered was gout, which in her case was hereditary.
It certainly had not arisen from high living and luxury
in her own person. The powers of life gradually failed,
and all the remaining daughters gathered round their
mother. She especially asked Anne not to leave her
again if she had strength to remain. Charles was
obliged to go away, thinking that she might linger till
his return ; J ohn was at Bristol, and, hearing that she
was failing fast, rode off on Sunday evening, July 18th,
1742, after preaching to a large congregation. He
reached the Foundry on the 20th, and, after seeing her,
wrote in his journal, "I found my mother on the
borders of eternity ; but she has no doubt or fear, nor
any desire but, as soon as God should call her, to
depart and be with Christ."

On the following Friday afternoon he saw that the
end was very near : she was speechless, but conscious ;
so he read the commendatory prayer, as he had done
seven years previously for his father. It was four
o'clock, and, being weary with watching and emotion,
he left her side for a moment to " drink a dish of tea."
One of his sisters called him back. " She opened her
eyes wide," he says, "and fixed them upward for a
moment. Then the lids dropped, and the soul was set
at liberty, without one struggle or groan or sigh. We
stood round the bed, and fulfilled her last request,
uttered a little before she lost her speech, ' Children,
as soon as I am released, sing a psalm of praise to
God.'"

It fell to Mrs. Lambert's lot to write to Charles the
particulars of his mother's last days, and she said :

208 SUSANNA WESLEY.

" She laboured under great trials, both of soul and
body, some days after you left her ; but God perfected
His work in her about twelve hours before He took her
to Himself. She waked out of a slumber ; and we,
hearing her rejoicing, attended to the words she spake,
which were these, ' My dear Saviour ! are you come to
help me in my extremity at last ? ' From that time
she was sweetly resigned indeed ; the enemy had no
more power to hurt her. The remainder of her time
was spent in praise."

Mrs. Wesley was buried on Sunday, August 1st, in
Bunhill Fields, John reading the funeral service of the
Church of England, and Emilia, Susanna, Hetty,
Anne, and Martha standing round. A large number
of friends were assembled, as well as others drawn
together by sympathetic curiosity. Then a hymn was
sung, and John Wesley, who in the prime of his early
manhood had desired so earnestly that he might not
survive his mother, stood by that mother's grave and
preached to the assembled multitude one of his most
eloquent and impassioned sermons.

A plain stone was soon set at the head of that last
resting-place, with an epitaph in verse from the pen of
Charles Wesley :

" Here lies the Body

of

MRS. SUSANNA WESLEY,

Youngest and last surviving daughter of

Dr. Samuel Annesley."

" In sure and stedfast hope to rise,
And claim her mansion in the skies,
A Christian here her flesh laid down,
The cross exchanging for a crown.

LAST TEARS. 209

True daughter of affliction, she,
Inured to pain and misery,
Mourned a long night of grief and fears,
A legal night of seventy years.
The Father then revealed His Son,
Him in the broken bread made known ;
She knew and felt her sins forgiven,
And found the earnest of her heaven.
Meet for the fellowship above,
She heard the call ' Arise, my love.'
I come, her dying looks replied,
And lamb-like, as her Lord, she died."

It was curious that the usually precise Johii
neither mentioned his father on this tomb-stone,
nor put the date of his mother's birth or death.
He busied himself, however, in having a copper-
plate engraving made of a very good likeness of
her taken during her later years. A copy of this
forms the frontispiece to Kirk's Mother of the
Wesleys, and is seen in miniature at the commence-
ment of Mr. Stevenson's Memorials of the Wesley
Family. There is also a miniature extant which
shows something of what she was like in her
prime. Among her far-away descendants there are
one or two women who resemble her very closely in
appearance.

The original tomb-stone having become much de-
faced by time and weather, in 1828, when memorial
tablets to the memory of several distinguished Metho-
dists were put up in the City Road Chapel at the
expense of the Wesleyan Book Committee, a new
stone, with a fresh inscription, was set up over Mrs.
Wesley's grave. Reverence for their sweet singer did

14

210 SUSANNA WESLEY.

not induce them to perpetuate the whole of his verses,
and the epitaph now runs :

" Here lies the body of

MRS. SUSANNA WESLEY,

Widow of the REV. SAMUEL WESLEY, M.A.

(late Rector of Epworth, in Lincolnshire),

who died July 23rd, 1742,

Aged 73 years.

She was the youngest daughter of the

R-EV. SAMUEL ANNESLEY, D.D., ejected by the Act

of Uniformity from the Rectory of St. Giles's,

Cripplegate, Aug. 24th, 1662.

She was the mother of nineteen children,

of whom the most eminent were the

REVS. JOHN and CHAELES WESLEY;

the former of whom was, under God, the

Founder of the Societies of the People

called Methodists/'

" In sure and certain hope to rise,
And claim her mansion in the skies,
A Christian here her flesh laid down,
The cross exchanging for a crown."

In 1869 Bunhill Fields, though long before closed
to interments, was secured as a cemetery in perpetuity,
planted with trees, and laid out with walks leading
close to the most remarkable graves. The spot where
Mrs. Wesley's remains are is where the numbers 17
and 42 intersect on the outer wall, and a few yards
west- by-south from the tomb of John Bunyan, who
was alive and preaching in her long-past girlhood.

An obelisk of Sicilian marble erected to her memory

LAST YEARS. 211

has stood opposite the City Road Chapel, fronting
Bunhill Fields, since December 1870, bearing a very
similar inscription to the one last given.

This little life of Susanna Wesley can hardly be
better concluded than in the words of the late Isaac
Taylor, himself the son of a mother who, with her
husband's assistance, educated the whole of her very
large family, and had the satisfaction of seeing them
grow up to be among the most cultivated and pious
persons of their own or any other generation of English
men and women : " The Wesleys' mother was the
mother of Methodism in a religious and moral sense ;
for, her courage, her submissiveness to authority, the
high tone of her mind, its independence, and its self-
control, the warmth of her devotional feelings and the
practical direction given to them, came up and were
visibly repeated in the character and conduct of her
sons."

14

212 SUSANNA WESLEY.

CHAPTER XVI.

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS.

THE family group that surrounded Mrs. Wesley's
death-bed consisted of her daughters Emilia, Susanna,
Hetty, Anne, and Martha, and her son John. Emilia,
Mrs. Harper, was now fifty years of age, a widow, and
childless ; for though an infant had been born to her,
it speedily died. She had known but little comfort
during either her single or her married life; her
temper was exacting and not very sweet ; she was con-
scious of possessing talents, and painfully aware that
she had had no opportunity of shining. In youth
she was engaged to a Mr. Leybourne, and though in
consequence of the disapproval of Mrs. Wesley and
Samuel the match was broken off, Emilia was not a
woman to forget, or to love again readily. This disap-
pointment embittered her whole life. She was very
fond of her mother, and her affection for John, who
was eleven years her junior, had a good deal of the
maternal element in it, but when Hetty stumbled she
was hard upon her. Poverty takes a great deal of
the sweetness out of a woman's nature, and after her
marriage she suffered even more from this cause than
when in her girlhood money and clothes were scarce
at Epworth. Mr. Harper was scarcely able to main-
tain himself, the profits of her school did not go very
far, she fell into ill-health, had to sell her clothes in

SURVIVOBS AND DESCENDANTS. 213

order to obtain food, and was reduced to the hourly
expectation of having her very bed seized on account
of being in arrears with her rent. Whether that cala-
mity actually did come to pass or no is uncertain ; but,
at all events, her husband's death left her free to wind
up her affairs at Gainsborough and come with an old
servant to London. From that time John supported
her, and she was a great deal at the Foundry, though
she does not appear to have lived there altogether.
The Epworth ghost did not altogether desert her, as
is shown by the following letter to John :

" DEAR BROTHER, " Feb. 16th, 1750.

" I want most sadly to see you and talk some
hours with you as in times past. Some things are too
hard for me ; these I want you to solve. One doctrine
of yours and of many more, viz. no happiness can be
found in any or all things in this world, that as I
have sixteen years of my own experience which lie
flatly against it, I want to talk with you about it.
Another thing is that wonderful thing called by us
' Jeffery/ You won't laugh at me for being supersti-
tious if I tell you how certainly that something calls
on me against any extraordinary new affliction ; but
so little is known of the invisible world, that I, at
least, am not able to judge whether it be a friendly or
an evil spirit. I shall be glad to know from you
where you live, where you may be found. If at the
Foundry, assuredly on foot or by coach I shall visit
my dear brother, and enjoy the very great blessing of
some hours' converse.

" I am your really obliged friend and affectionate
sister,

" EMILIA HARPER."

214 SUSANNA WESLEY.

A memorandum on the back of this note, in John
Wesley's own hand, affirms that it was answered on the
18th, but that answer has not been preserved. " JefEery "
was an agent who usually proclaimed himself by raps
and noises, and since, on the 8th of February, about a
week previous to the date of the note, London had
been thrown into confusion and alarm by a smart
shock of earthquake, persons whose faith in the
supernatural is not very strong, may be pardoned for
imagining that Mrs. Harper may have mistaken noises
produced by that convulsion of nature for those by
which the sprite of Epworth had been in the habit of
manifesting its presence.

When the Wesleyan body took the well-known
chapel in West Street, Mrs. Harper and the old ser-
vant removed to the house which joined it, and took
up their abode in rooms which communicated with the
chapel by means of a gallery behind the pulpit and
a window which, when thrown open, enabled the in-
mates to join in the services without being seen them-
selves. Mrs. Harper became a kindly and much
subdued old lady when she had lost her memory, and
died from general decay of nature in 1771, when
nearly eighty years of age.

It will be remembered that Susanna Wesley, the
second daughter of the Epworth family, married
Richard Ellison in 1721, and that, though in fairly
good circumstances, he was always considered an un-
pleasant son-in-law. When the four children born of
this union were grown or growing up, a fire occurred
in Mr. Ellison's house, and from that time his wife
refused to live with him, and resided with first one
and then another of her sons and daughters in
London. The deserted husband tried by every means

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 215

in his power to get her to return, but she would
neither see him nor reply to his letters. At last he
caused a report of his death to be circulated, and she
straightway went down into Lincolnshire to attend
his funeral. Finding that it was only a ruse to get
her back again, she immediately returned to London,
and no one could persuade her to be reconciled to her
husband. Misfortune overtook Mr. Ellison in his later
years. It was the business of the Commissioners of
Sewers in the Fen Country to keep the great drains
open, and, as this was neglected, the water flowed all
over and submerged his land for a couple of years.
His cattle and horses died, he could raise no crops,
and obtain no compensation, and was consequently
reduced to such poverty, that he went to the Foundry
and threw himself on the charity of his brother-in-
law, John Wesley, who recommended him to a rich
banker, having the distribution of some trust-moneys,
saying that " the smallest relief could never be more
seasonable." Although the unhappy man's wife kept
aloof, John and Charles were very kind to him, and
considered him quite a reformed character. He died
in London early in April 1760, and Charles Wesley
read the burial service over his remains.

The children of this ill-matched pair were John,
Ann, Deborah, and Richard Annesley Ellison. The
eldest lived and died at Bristol, and some of his de-
scendants still reside in that city. Ann married
Pierre le Lievre, a French refugee, who died leaving
her with one son; she afterwards married a Mr.
Gaunt. She was a vivacious, clever, handsome little
woman, and Mrs. Ellison resided principally with her,
and died in her house, at the age of sixty-nine, early
in December 1764. John Wesley wrote to Charles

216 SUSANNA WESLEY.

on the 7th, saying, " Sister Sukey was in huge
agonies for five days, and then died in full assurance
of faith. Some of her last words when she had been
speechless for some time were ' Jesus is here, Heaven
is love ! ' "

Mrs. Gaunt's son by her first marriage was named
Pierre after his father, and educated at Kingswood, at
the great school founded by the Wesleys near Bristol.
He Anglicised his Christian name into Peter and
dropped the particle before his surname. He went
into the Church and became head-master of the Lut-
terworth Grammar School, and curate and assistant to
Mr. Johnson, who, in those days of pluralities, was
rector of Lutterworth and vicar of Claybrook. At the
latter place Mr. Johnson had a very nice house and
grounds, and received pupils, among whom was the
late Lord Macaulay. Mr. Lievre married a Miss
Sturges and reared six children. William, the last of
them, died about twenty years ago at Bruntingthorpe,
in Leicestershire, where he was probably master of
one of those small endowed schools which have now
either been remodelled by the Commissioners or ab-
sorbed by other educational institutions. He was a
retiring, studious man, with the soul and much of the
felicitous skill in diction of the true poet ; and had his
lot been cast in literary circles he would no doubt
have made a name and a niche for himself. As it
was, he was laughed at by his family for his rhyming
propensities, and degenerated into the fecklessuess often
seen in those who have missed their true vocation.
The Derbyshire and Leicestershire papers, however,
gladly accepted his verses for their Poet's Corners.
Several of them are very pretty, and, were they re-
printed, would find favour with many.

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 217

Deborah Ellison also married a French refugee, a
ilk- weaver named Pierre Collett; and one of her
daughters became the wife of a prominent Wesleyan,
Dr. Byam.

Richard Anuesley Ellison died when only twenty-
seven, leaving two daughters. The eldest of them
married Mr. Voysey of the King's House, Salisbury,
and became the mother of two sons and two
daughters. The elder son died unmarried; the
elder daughter married the Comte de Fauconpret de
Thulus, a French savant of great reputation, who,
during his exile in this country, translated all Sir
Walter Scott's novels into French. On the accession
of Louis Philippe in 1830, he returned with his wife
to France, where he held a high position in the Uni-
versity of Paris. Their home was at Fontainebleau,
where they gathered round them many of the choice
spirits of the day, and there M. de Fauconpret died in
1842. His widow died at Hackney in the summer of
1868. Her younger sister was twice married, first to
Mr. Edlin, and secondly to Mr. Bristow. Two of her
sons and her three daughters by her first husband are
all living, and she herself has died whilst this work has
been passing through the press. Mrs. Ellison's youngest
grandson, Annesley Voysey, married and became the
father of Henry Voysey, an architect of some note,
Richard Voysey, who took orders in the Church of
England, and the Rev. Charles Voysey, whose career
is well known. No one in this branch of the family
has ever been deficient in brain power, or in the
courage to maintain his or her own opinions.

Hetty Wesley, Mrs. Wright, was in very poor
health at the time of her mother's death; she was
worn out by what she endured at the hands of her

218 SUSANNA WESLEY.

besotted husband, who, nevertheless, seems to have
preserved some kind of affection for her. She had
several children, who died, much to her grief, in their
babyhood ; but a daughter, named Amelia, is supposed
to have lived for some years, even if she did not sur-
vive her mother. She is said to have retained the traces
of her youthful beauty till quite late in life. She had
been the trusted friend, and, in his latter days, the
nurse of her uncle Matthew, who was very good to
her in a pecuniary sense. In 1743 she was living at
Stanmore in Middlesex; soon after she became a
Methodist, and saw a good deal of her brothers.
They were persuaded that the Clifton Hot- wells,
rightly used, would cure most physical evils, and
accordingly sent her there. They had many friends in
Bristol and its neighbourhood, and their sister was
received by a Mrs. Vigor, with whom she remained for
several months. In the autumn of 1745, she was at
home again, and wrote a letter to Charles, in which
she spoke affectionately of her husband :

" London, Frith Street,
<f DEAREST BROTHER, " October 4th, 1745.

" I received both your kind letters and thank
you for them, but am surprised you have heard no
account of my better health, though I could not
write myself, since many have seen me who I know
correspond with you, and some of them are gone to
Bath or Bristol lately, especially sister Naylor and
Mrs. "Wigginton. Indeed, I continue exceeding weak,
keeping my bed, except when I rise to have it made,
and it is almost incredible what a skeleton I am grown,
so that my bones are ready to come through my skin.
But through mercy, the fever that immediately

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS.

threatens me (with a violent cough and some fatal
symptoms) is gone off, and I am more likely to recover
than ever ; nay, if I could once get my strength, I
should not make a doubt of it. This ease of body
and great calm of mind, I firmly believe, is owing to
the prayer of faith. I think this support the more
extraordinary, because I have no sense of God's pre-
sence, ever since I took my bed ; and you know what
we are when left to ourselves under great pain and
apprehensions of death. Yet, though I am yet in de-
sertion, and the enemy is very busy, I enjoy so great
a measure of quietness and thankfulness as is really
above nature. Hallelujah ! Whether or no the bit-
terness of death is past, I am perfectly easy and re-
signed, having given up this, with dear Will's spiritual
welfare and all other things, to the Sovereign Physi-
cian of souls and bodies.

" Dearest brother, no selfish consideration can ever
make me wish your stay in this most dangerous diabo-
lical world ; yet we must always say, ' Thy will be
done ' ; and I am pleased still to think God will
permit us to meet again, though I cannot say I desire
life a minute longer, even upon these terms. Willy
gives his love, and would be unfeignedly glad to see
you. Pray join in prayer with me still that he may
persevere. Matty, too, gives her duty and desires
your prayers. Neither of their souls prosper as I could
wish them. Strange that though we know sanctifica-
tion is a gradual work, we want our neighbours to go
faster than ourselves ; but poor Willy only waits for
the first gift. I have not one fear for those who are
truly in earnest.

" If the nation is run stark mad in politics, though
never a jot the wiser or holier, no wonder that the

220 SUSANNA WESLEY.

person you mentioned in your last is brimful of them,
though she keeps within bounds, and does not talk
treason, whatever she may think. I am glad the be-
lievers T know seem to run into no extreme about the
present affairs, either of losing the one thing needful
by talking too much or praying too little. The Lord
give us a right judgment in all things.

" My prayers, love, and best wishes attend all dear
iriends at Bristol, from whom I have received innu-
merable obligations ; but, above all, Mrs. Vigor and
her family, who showed unwearied love in serving and
humouring me. . . .

" It has been one of my heaviest crosses that I have
been unable to write to them all ; but if ever I re-
cover, I despair not of doing it yet, if acceptable from
a novice. You think, perhaps, I may write to them
as well as you ; but, dear Charles, I write now in bed,
and you cannot believe what it costs me. I trust to
remember and bless you many times yet before I die ;
wishing we may have another happy meeting first, if
it is best. So, with prayers for the universal Church,
ministers, assistants, and all mankind, I take leave to
subscribe myself your most obliged and loving sister,

" MEHET. WRIGHT."

Mrs. Wright seems to have partially recovered from
this illness, though she was never strong again ; but in
January and February 1750, it was evident that her
nd was approaching. She shared in the exaggerated
and almost hysterical sentiments so common among the
early Methodists, and to a friend who went to see her
said, " I have ardently wished for death, because you
know we Methodists always die in a transport of joy."
Charles seems to have been the only brother just then

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 221

in London, and he speaks of her on March 14th and
18th as " very near the haven " ; but when he called on
the 21st, her spirit had just departed. On the 26th,
he adds, " I followed her to her quiet grave, and
wept with them that weep." She was fifty-three years
of age.

Mr. Wright was inconsolable, and begged Charles
Wesley not to forsake him, though his sister was
dead. He survived her several years, married again,
and did not always live peaceably with his second wife.
For some years he saw nothing of the Wesleys, but,
when struck down by palsy, sent for Charles, and was
much rejoiced to see him. That sanguine evangelist
saw reason for hope in his end, and perhaps, after all,
his faults were rather those of the head than of the
heart.

Dr. Adam Clarke collected and published ten of
Mrs. Wright's poems ; they were in accordance with
the ideas of the people among whom she moved, and
tinged with the melancholy that saddened her exis-
tence; but unbounded weariness of this world, and
ecstatic longing for the unknown and unknowable
future is always morbid and unhealthy. The only
verse worth quoting here is from a little poem
addressed to a mother on the death of her children :

" Though sorer sorrows than their birth

Your children's death has given ;

Mourn not that others bear for earth,

While you have peopled Heaven/'

We have no further glimpse of Anne Wesley, Mrs.
Lambert, and her husband, after their presence at the
mother's funeral in Bunhill Fields, nor is anything
known of their son's career.

222 SUSANNA WESLEY.

Martha Wesley, Mrs. Hall, so closely resembled her
brother John in personal appearance, that Dr. Adam
Clarke declared that no one would have known which was
which if they had only been dressed alike. Her hand-
writing, also, was very much like his, and this must
have arisen from the fact that when she was about
nineteen she wrote "miserably," to quote her own
expression, and felt very far inferior to Emilia and
Hetty. John, therefore, set her some copies, which
she imitated most carefully, and thus modelled her
calligraphy by his.

We have already seen that she lived with her hus-
band at Salisbury, and that Mrs. Wesley spent a good
deal of time with them before her removal to the
Foundry. During her residence in that city, Mrs.
Hall had ten children, only one of whom lived beyond
infancy. Mr. Hall was a strange, and, as it proved, an
immoral man. He possessed all the qualifications
necessary for a Mormon elder, and had he lived
in these days, would very probably have joined that
body. A good many of his shortcomings resulted
from reaction after the strain and tension of religious
fervour in his youth ; he began to think for himself,
and to entertain doubts which, though common enough
now, were then regarded with horror. In a word, Mr.
Hall became unorthodox and refused to believe in a
great many doctrines which are now passed over in
silence except by very ardent religionists. This was
the true head and front of his offending in the estima-
tion of many of John and Charles Wesley's coadjutors,
who condemned him in stronger terms than the
brothers did themselves. Human nature is prone to
these extremes.

There is a certain hardness about the following letter

SUEVIVOBS AND DESCENDANTS. 223

from John, written to Mrs. Hall very shortly after the
burial of their mother. It is as if he would insinuate
that the time spent by a mother in her natural duties
towards her children must be abstracted from that
which should be occupied in furthering her own spiri-
tual advancement, and, if so, is an item of a very selfish
creed. Happily/ most of us believe that in rightly
and conscientiously performing our parental and other
obligations, we are best fulfilling the ends for which we
are created. John Wesley, who never had a child of
his own, and whose marriage was not precisely a union
of souls, looked at the matter from quite another point
of view :

" Newcastle-on-Tyne,
" DEAR SISTER, " November 17, 1742.

" I believe the death of your children is a great
instance of the goodness of God towards you. You
have often mentioned to me how much of your time
they took up. Now that time is restored to you, and
you have nothing to do but to serve our Lord without
carefulness and without distraction, till you are sanc-
tified in body, soul and spirit. As soon as I saw Mr.
Hall, I invited him to stay at the Foundry, but he
desired I would have him excused. There is a strange
inconsistency in his temper and sentiments with regard
to me. The still brethren have gradually infused into
him as much as they could of their own contempt of
me and my brother, and dislike of our whole method
of proceeding, which is as different from theirs as light
from darkness. Nay, they have blunderingly taught
him to find fault even with my economy and outward
management, both of my family and society. Whereas
I know this is the peculiar talent which God has given

224 SUSANNA WESLEY.

me, wherein (by His grace) I am not behind the very
chiefest of them. Notwithstanding this, there remains
in him something of his old regard for me which he-
had at Oxford, and by-and-by it will prevail. He will
find out these wretched men, and the clouds will flee
away.

" My belief is that the present design of God is to
visit the poor desolate Church of England, and that,
therefore, neither deluded Mr. Gambold nor any who
leave it will prosper. Oh ! pray for the peace or Jeru-
salem. ' They shall prosper that love thee/ Mr. Hall
has paid me for the books. I don't want any money
of you, your love is sufficient. But write as often and
as largely as you can to your affectionate friend and
brother,

"J.WESLEY."

This letter proves how very far from John Wesley's-
own thoughts was any secession from the Church of
England, and also shows him to have been thoroughly
aware of his own gift for organization.

It is very uncertain whether Mrs. Hall confided in
her relations so far as to tell them of her husband's
infidelities till she had been outraged by them for
many years. She was a woman of the highest and
rarest type, and so resolutely crushed out all natural
selfishness that she nursed the children of others with
as much devotion as if they had been her own, while
for the unhappy Hagars who gave them birth she
showed as much tenderness and sympathy as if they
had not been preferred by her husband to herself.
Mr. Hall in his better moments felt and showed the
greatest admiration of her conduct, but he was a weak
mortal and had no control over himself. It is said that

8 UR VIVOBS AND DESCENDANTS. 225

on one occasion the father was angry with the Isaac
of the family while his mother was tending an Ishmael,
and frightened the child terribly by locking him up in
a dark cupboard for some very trivial fault. This was
almost more than she could endure, but she was deter-
mined that her husband's authority over his boy
should not suffer. The punishment was out of all
proportion to the offence, but she could not persuade
him of it. At last she reminded him that though he
was unreasonably passionate with her child she had not
turned his out of the cradle, but declared that she
would do it unless he released and forgave the terrified
little fellow. John and Charles ultimately removed
their nephew from his father's house and educated him
at their own expense; but when about fourteen he
caught the small-pox at school, and died before his
mother could reach him. This was a grief which it
was feared would have killed her ; but she was patient
and resigned, and Time, the great healer, brought her
consolation.

Charles Wesley once asked his sister how she could
provide comforts and even money in her hour of need
for a woman who had usurped her place. " Ah," she
said., "I knew I could obtain what I wanted from
many ; but she, poor creature, could not, for so many
would make a merit of abandoning her to the distress
she had brought upon herself. . . . I did not act as a
woman, but as a Christian/' It was a sublime Chris-
tianity and worthy of that Master who did not spurn
Magdalen from His feet. Few, indeed, are the pro-
fessing Christians who attain to anything like it.

When Mrs. Hall fell into poverty she was still so-
generous that her brother Charles said, " It is in vain
to give Patty anything to add to her comforts, for she

15

226 SUSANNA WESLEY.

invariably gives it away to some person poorer than
herself."

In 1747 Mr. Hall became so incensed during one of
John's visits to Salisbury, probably by his remon-
strances, that he turned both him and Martha out of
doors. Shortly afterwards Mrs. Hall left him, and
wrote to explain the reason why :

" Being at last convinced that I cannot possibly
oblige you any longer by anything I can say or do,
I have for some time determined to rid you of so
useless a burden, as soon as it should please Grod
to give me an opportunity. If you have so much
humanity left for a wife who has lived so many years
with you as to allow anything towards a maintenance,
I will thank you/'

She is thought to have forgiven and returned to him
after this, but only to leave him again and seek John's
protection at the Foundry. That she harboured no
unkind feelings against her faithless husband, and
regarded the separation only as temporary, is shown
in another letter.

" Though I should have been very glad to have heard
from you, yet I cannot wonder at your not answering
my letter, seeing I not only left you a second time,
but desired conditions which, I fear, you do not find
yourself at all disposed to grant. Indeed, I am
obliged to plead guilty to the charge, and, as I look
upon you as the sole judge, I shall make no appeal
from that sentence; only I desire leave to speak a few
words before you pass it. You may remember, when-
ever I was angry enough to talk of leaving you, you
could never work me up to such a height as to make
me say I would never return/'

Unlike the majority of badly-treated women, Mrs.

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 227

Hall never spoke ill of her husband, and used to say
that it was impossible for a wife with true love in her
heart to do so.

She was living at the Foundry when Charles mar-
ried Miss Sarah Gwynne at Garth in South Wales,
and wrote her her affectionate congratulations. As
the pair did not for some little time provide them-
selves with a home, she would gladly have prepared for
their reception in London, but they preferred settling
at Bristol. To that city Mr. Hall also betook himself,
and summoned his wife to join him ; but as his feelings
towards her family were the reverse of friendly, she
evidently did not communicate with Charles or his
young wife in Stoke's Croft. Charles met her by
chance in the street when on his way to the room
where he preached, and took her with him ; but in the
middle of the sermon Mr. Hall entered and fetched
her away. The next day he went in again, calling
Charles by name. Flight appeared the wisest policy,
and Mr. Hall followed, but did not succeed in discover-
ing his brother-in-law's retreat. The affair ended in
Mrs. Hall's departure to London, and that of her
peccant husband to Ireland, whence he finally went to
the West Indies, but not alone. On the death of his
companion he returned to England full of penitence,
and was warmly received by his patient wife, who
remained with and nursed him till his death, which
took place at Bristol in January 1776, forty years after
their marriage. During his last hours he exclaimed,
" I have injured an angel, an angel that never re-
proached me." These words made up to Mrs. Hall for
all the sorrow he had caused her.

In the long interval between Charles Wesley's mar-
riage and Mr. Hall's death, Mrs. Hall had come to

15 *

228 SUSANNA WESLEY.

know a good deal of her Welsh sister-in-law, and also
of her friends the Joneses of Fonmon Castle, with
whom she became so intimate that they lived together
for some time at Salisbury. She also took an almost
maternal interest in the children of Mr. and Mrs.
Charles Wesley, who named a little girl after her.
Like many other babes born to them, it died ; but
when Charles junior, Sally, and Samuel arrived, suc-
cessively, she took the warmest delight in them. Sally
grew up to be her beloved companion and friend, and,
had it not been for the intimacy between them, much
that we now know of the Wesley family would have
been lost.

Mrs. Hall appears to have been very serenely happy
during the latter part of her life, which was principally
spent in London. She was a methodical, deliberate
person, looking on the bright side of everything and
everybody, and shunning all sad subjects. She spent
a great deal of time with Dr. Johnson, who enjoyed her
lively conversation and depended on her strong and
accurate memory. He would gladly have persuaded
her to become an inmate of his house, but two old
ladies, Mrs. Williams and Mrs. Du Moulin, lived with
him already, and she thought her own presence, except
as an occasional visitor, unnecessary.

John Wesley respected the old lexicographer very
highly, and sent him, through Mrs. Hall, a copy of his
Notes on the Old and New Testament. She also had
the pleasure of introducing them personally to one
another, and Dr. Johnson liked the zealous scholarly
man extremely, and would fain have seen more of him.
He got quite provoked because John, who had long
ago taken leave of leisure, had not time to cultivate
him and his circle, and said one day to Boswell :

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 229

"I hate to meet John Wesley; the dog enchants
you with his conversation, and then breaks away to go
and visit some old woman/'

And again :

" John Wesley's conversation is good, but he is
never at leisure. He is always obliged to go at a
certain hour. This is very diagreeable to a man who
loves to fold his legs and have his talk out as I do/'

One feels that Dr. Johnson certainly was not made
for an age of railways and steamboats, but that John
Wesley would have taken to them very kindly.

Curiously enough Mrs. Hall was neither witty her-
self nor admired wit in others. Even as a child she
was grave and staid ; and when her mother once found
her little ones romping and laughing, and exclaimed,
" Ah ! you will all be serious some day," Martha looked
up in her face and asked, " Shall I too be more
serious?" and Mrs. Wesley answered her with an
emphatic "No," as if that were impossible. Charles
said, " Sister Patty was too wise to be witty ''; and it is
on record that once, when Dr. Johnson was in doleful
mood and holding forth on the unhappiness of mortals
in her presence, she said : " Doctor, you have always
lived among the wits, not the saints ; and they are a
race of people the most unlikely to seek true happi-
ness or find the pearl of great price/' She refused to
admire Swift's works, which were favourites with her
brothers and sisters, and especially disliked The Tale
of a Tub, which she considered irreverent in the
extreme.

After spending some twenty years of married life
in Bristol, Charles Wesley and his wife removed with
their children to London, where Mrs. Hall had the
pleasure of introducing her niece Sally to the burly

230 SUSANNA WESLEY.

Doctor, and showing him the verses she wrote from time
to time. The sage used to pat her head kindly, and say
to her aunt, " She will do, Madam ; she will do/'

James Boswell tells, in his life of Johnson, how on
Easter Sunday, 1781, Mrs. Hall, a Mr. Allen, and him-
self dined with the Doctor and the two old ladies who
were his pensioners. The day naturally gave its tone
to the conversation, and Boswell " mentioned a kind
of religious Robin Hood society, which met every
Sunday evening at Coachmakers' Hall for free debate,
and that the subject for this night was the text which
relates what happened at our Saviour's death ' And
the graves were opened, and many bodies of the saints
which slept arose, and came out of the graves after his
resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared
unto many/ Mrs. Hall said it was a very curious
subject, and she should much like to hear it discussed.
Johnson replied, somewhat warmly, ' One would not
go to such a place to hear it.' I, however resolved
that I would go. ' But, Sir,' said she to Johnson, ' I
should like to hear you discuss it.' He seemed reluc-
tant to engage in it. She talked of the resurrection
of the human race in general, and maintained that we
shall be raised with the same bodies. Johnson : ' Nay,
Madam, we see that it is not to be the same body, for
the Scripture uses the illustration of grain sown. You
cannot suppose that we shall rise with a diseased body ;
it is enough if there be such a sameness as to distin-
guish identity of person/ The Doctor told the story
of hearing his mother's voice one day calling him when
he was at Oxford. She seemed desirous of knowing
more, but he left the question in obscurity/' On this
occasion Mrs. Williams and Mrs. Hall talked at their
host so persistently that he at last stopped them by

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 231

quoting the well-known line from the Beggars'
Opera

But two at a time there 's no mortal can bear.

Dr. Johnson had a little weakness for being the
chief speaker, and no man likes to be what he calls
" preached at" by a woman. Mrs. Hall's preaching,
however, was probably of a mild description, and
dealt with theories rather than persons. She had
something good to say of everyone ; and if faults had
to be mentioned, she always remembered extenuating
circumstances.

She remained well and strong and able to take long
walks to the last ; and when she was over eighty, Sally
Wesley tried to obtain a promise that she might be
with her in her dying moments. " Yes/' replied her
aunt, "if you are able to bear it; but I charge you not
to grieve for me more than half-an-hour."

John Wesley died in March 1791, leaving Mrs. Hall
the sole survivor of the Epworth household, and she
felt his loss deeply. She was then eighty-five, and
only outlived him by about four months. In the begin-
ning of July it was evident that she was gradually
sinking, and Sally claimed the privilege of watching
by her ; but the invalid, unselfish to the end, insisted
that she should always go home at night, " lest you
should not sleep then your anxiety would create
mine." She died on the 12th; and shortly before,
when her niece asked if she suffered any pain, she
answered, " No, but a new feeling/' Just before the
end she called Sally, and, pressing her hand said, " I
have the assurance which I have long prayed for.
Shout ! " Immediately afterwards she expired.

It seemed very natural that she should be buried
in the same grave as her favourite brother in the

232 SUSANNA WESLEY

City Road Burial Ground, and never was a more
suitable inscription placed on any tomb than when,
after her name and age, these words of the wise man
of Israel were cut on the stone : "She opened her
mouth with wisdom, and in her tongue was the law of
kindness/'

Mrs. Hall left her very small income, as well as her
papers and letters, to her beloved niece, who prized
them as the relics of one who had been to her a second
mother.

Most incidents in the lives of John and Charles
Wesley are so well known that it is needless to recapi-
tulate them here. It is, however, rather curious that
the family name has been transmitted only through
Charles and his youngest son Samuel. Mrs. Charles
Wesley was twenty-three at the time of her marriage,
and her husband forty-two. They had nine children,
only three of whom lived to grow up ; and, as the
eldest son and the daughter lived and died single, all
the descendants are those of Samuel, several of whose
children are still alive.

The maiden name of Mrs. C. Wesley was Sarah
Gwynne, and her parents lived at Garth in South
Wales. Her mother belonged to a very rich family,
being one of six sisters, each of whom had thirty
thousand pounds for her marriage portion. Beautiful
voices and musical talent were hereditary in the family,
so it was doubtless mainly through their mother that
the two sons, Charles and Samuel, derived the genius
for music that has made them famous. The union of
Charles and Sarah Wesley lasted thirty-nine years, when
he died at the age of eighty, and she survived him for
thirty-four years, being ninety-six when she departed.

Their eldest son Charles, born December llth, 1757,

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 233

first showed his talent when nearly three years old, by
picking out a tune correctly on the harpsichord, and,
what was more, putting a true bass to it. At four
years of age his father took the little fellow to London,
where the first musicians of the day pointed out that
he ought to be brought up to follow his natural bent
as a profession. His father and uncle do not appear
to have made the slightest objection, and it was pro-
bably very pleasing to them when they found that the
boy turned instinctively to cathedral music. Dr. Boyce
was long his principal master, and after him Mr.
Kelway, who introduced his pupil and protege to the
notice of King George III.

Under his father's tuition he received the rudiments
of a classical education, grew up to have very gentle
and even courtier-like manners, and for his simplicity
and kindness of heart was a universal favourite ; but
so little calculated was he to take care of himself in
this naughty world, that his sister devoted herself to
him, and acted as a sort of guardian angel, though a
very unobtrusive one.

The first time Charles received the royal command
to attend at Buckingham House was in 1775, when
he was just eighteen ; and he was carried across the
Park in a sedan-chair, after having been, it is said,
carefully dressed by his mother and sister. From
that time forth he was annually summoned to Windsor ;
and when Princess Charlotte was old enough to require
a music master, he was selected for the post. He
ultimately became organist at Marylebone Church,
and was well known in musical circles. One who
knew him well, said, " In music he was an angel ; in
everything else a child." He scarcely knew a day's ill-
health, and died in 1834 at the age of seventy-seven.

234 SUSANNA WESLEY.

Sally, as she was called to distinguish her from her
mother, was born at Bristol in 1759, and from the first
was a great favourite with her father, who was a most
affectionate parent. Busy as he was riding to and fro
between London and Bristol, and fulfilling his brother's
behests, which were neither few nor far between, he
managed to write long letters to his wife about the
children. The little girl must have been about a year
old when he wrote : " She should take after me, as she
is to be my child. One and another give me presents
for Charley, but nobody seems to take any notice of
poor Sally even her godmother seems to slight her."
He was always thinking of his daughter, contriving
surprises for her, and bidding her mother send her up
the hill to Gotham from their home in Stoke's Croft,
that she might be strengthened by the country breezes.
She grew up to be a great reader, and early aimed
at authorship, in verse of course, or she would not
have been a Wesley. John Wesley was very fond of
her, and, when she was about fifteen, promised to take
her with him to Canterbury and Dover. A scandal
arose which seemed to make it imperative that he
should remain in London, and Charles urged him to
postpone the journey. " Brother," said John, " when
I devoted to God my ease, my time, my life, did I
except my reputation ? No. Tell Sally I will take
her to Canterbury to-morrow/'

She was a clever woman, and wrote a very neat,
clear hand, expressing herself always in pure English,
such as might be written by a lady of the present day ;
and her orthography was perfect. Every language she
had the opportunity of learning came to her easily, as
it had done to her father and grandfather ; and she
added to her slender income by translating foreign

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 235

letters for the journals of tlie day. Like her mother,
she early lost her personal beauty through small-pox,
and it added to the shyness of her disposition, which,
however, wore off to some extent in her later years.
She supplied Dr. Adam Clarke with a great many
of the details he used in his Wesley Family. It is
difficult to select a short poem illustrative of her
style, but the following, which was addressed to
Campbell on the death of one of his children, is a
very good specimen. It was first published from her
own manuscript in 1876 in Mr. Stevenson's Memorials,
and was republished in the Quiver, with some original
letters of her own and her brother's, a few months
later :

ON THE DEATH OF AN INFANT.
For thee no treacherous world prepares
A youth of complicated snares :
No wild ambition's raging flame
Shall tempt thy ripened years with fame ;
No avarice shall thine age decoy,
Far off from sweet diffusive joy ;
Happy beyond the happiest fate,
Snatched from the ills that vex the great,
From anxious toils, entangling strife,
And every care of meaner life.
Happy ! though thou hast scarcely trod
The thorny path which leads to God,
Where friendless virtue weeps and prays,
Oft wildered in the doubtful maze,
Nor knew that virtue wept in vain
Nor felt a greater ill than pain,
Already sainted in the sky,
Sweet babe ! that did but weep and die !

236 SUSANNA WESLEY.

Miss Wesley died at Bristol, in the autumn of 1828,
of sore throat, when sixty-nine years of age. She was
buried in the same grave with five of her brothers and
sisters, in St. James' Churchyard ; and Charles, incon-
solable for her loss, and all but incapable of acting for
himself, posted back to London, at an expenditure of
thirty-six pounds !

Samuel was born on February 24th, 1766, on the
eighty-second anniversary of Handel's birth. He was
not so precocious as Charles in music, and, instead of
instinctively playing a true bass by ear, did not
attempt it till he had learned his notes. Someone
gave him a small violin, and he used to accompany
Charles on it, and sing to his playing, and sometimes,
rather to the horror of those holding the notions of
the time that an elder brother was to be held
infallible by the younger he would presume to find
fault. He began composing an oratorio called Ruth
before he was six years old, and had quite finished
and written it down by the time he was eight,
when he gravely presented it to Dr. Boyce, who
received it with ceremonious thanks. He must have
been quite a child when he took the organ at Bath
Abbey for a month, and played the first violin in
many private concerts. He made satisfactory progress
in his general education, and had plenty of common
sense.

After Charles Wesley removed to London, and when
his sons were a good deal talked about, Dr. Johnson
who, as is well known, had no ear for music felt
that it was his bounden duty, out of respect aiid
friendship for the family, to call and hear the lads
play. He made no preamble about the matter, but
at once introduced the subject by saying in his

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 23F

ponderous fashion to the father, " I understand, Sir,
your boys are skilled in music ; pray, let me hear
them." They were always willing, and sat down to
their instruments at once. Dr. Johnson took a chair,
and, picking up a book from the window- seat, imme-
diately began to read and to roll about, as was his
custom. The moment the music ceased he looked up,
closed his book, said, " Young gentlemen, I am much
obliged to you/' and departed.

Samuel Wesley had a great dislike to London, and
for many years sought and found musical engage-
ments in the country. After his marriage he lived
for some time near Barnet, and then at Camden Town,
which was quite rural in those days. He was an
indefatigable letter-writer, and used to fill many
sheets of paper with musical and other gossip, for
the amusement of Charles and Sally. He gave at
least ten " hostages to fortune," and died in October
1837, in his seventy-second year.

He lived to see his eldest son, Charles, a Doctor of
Divinity, and Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal. For
thirty years Dr. Wesley was thus connected with
St. James's Palace, and, in his official capacity, was
present when Queen Victoria was confirmed, crowned,
and married, and also when she was " churched,"
after the birth of her first child, the Princess Royal.
He was at the royal infant's christening, and, seventeen
years later, at her marriage with the Crown Prince of
Prussia. He died at St. James's in 1859, and left two
daughters.

Samuel Sebastian Wesley, well known as a Doctor
of Music, was the third son of Samuel Wesley, and
in his youth was one of the choristers of the Chapel
Royal, St. James's. When little more than twenty-

238 SUSANNA WESLEY.

one he was chosen organist of Hereford Cathedral,
where, a year or two afterwards, he married the sister
of the Dean, Dr. Merewether. In 1835 he became
organist at Exeter Cathedral ; but, after remaining
there for seven years, he went to Leeds, and held the
post of organist of the parish church during part of
the late Dean Hook's long and vigorous incumbency.
In 1849 the position of organist at Winchester Cathe-
dral was offered to and accepted by him. This was a
position very much to his taste, especially as it enabled
his five sons to be educated at Winchester School.
In 1865 he became organist at Gloucester Cathedral,
and from that time took a prominent part in the
musical festivals of the West of England. Two of
his sons are clergymen in the Church of England, two
are Doctors of Medicine, and one is pushing his way
in Australia. He died on the 19th of April 1876, at
the comparatively early age of sixty-six, which, to
quote his Aunt Sally, when speaking of another rela-
tive, was far from being the term of life " attained by
our respectable ancestors."

It is remarkable that Wesleyanism has found so
little favour in its founder's own family. With the
exception of some of their sisters, who became con-
nected with the Society, John and Charles stood
alone during their lifetime, so far as their relatives
were concerned, and the majority of those who have
since borne their name have adhered staunchly to the
Church of England. This is as John himself would
have had it, for he was no Separatist, though he
could not stop the movement of which he was the
mainspring ; nor did he wish to do so, but he did
not see that it would necessarily lead to secession.
Blood, however, will tell, and a vast amount of talent

SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS. 239

and energy are still manifested in all the descendants
of the Epworth family. Impetuous and quick-witted,
and, perhaps, not overmuch given to take thought for
the morrow, they must all be up and doing, and in
these characteristics they vindicate their lineage, and
the vigour of that original strain which is still so far
from being worn out.

LONDON :
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EMINENT WOMEN
SERIES.

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VOLUMES ALREADY ISSUED:

George Eliot. By MATHILDE BLIND.

Emily Bronte. By A. MARY F. ROBINSON.

George Sand. By BERTHA THOMAS.

Mary Lamb. By ANNE GILCHRIST.

Maria Edge worth. By HELEN ZIMMERN.

Margaret Fuller. By JULIA WARD HOWE.

Elizabeth Fry. By MRS. E. R. PITMAN.

Countess of Albany. By VERNON LEE.

Harriet Martineau. By MRS. FENWICK
MILLER.

Mary Wo 1 1 sto nee raft Godwin. By

ELIZABETH ROBINS PENNELL.

Rachel. By MRS. A. KBNNARD.

Madame Roland. BY MATHILDE BLIND.

Susannah Wesley. By MRS. E. CLARKE.

LONDON: W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE. S.W

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
George Eliot. By MATHILDE BLIND.

" Miss Blind's book is a most excellent and careful study of a
great genius." Vanity Fair.

"No page of this interesting monograph should be skipped."
Graphic.

"Nothing is more needed in the present day than short
treatises on great writers like these. Miss Blind has spared no
pains to make a coherent and attractive narrative, and has
succeeded in presenting us with a complete biography ; inter-
spersing her account with incisive criticisms." British Quarterly
~

Emily Bronte. By A. MAKY F. KOBINSON.

"Miss Robinson makes the biographical part of her book of
extreme interest, while her criticism of her author is just,
searching, and brilliant." Truth.

"In the volume before us we have a critical biography of
the author of ' Wuthering Heights,' and presenting to the mind's
eye a clear and definite conception of the truest and most
unalloyed genius this country has produced. What Mrs. Gaskell
did for Charlotte Bronte, Miss Robinson has with equal grace
and sympathy done for her younger sister." Manchester Courier.

George Sand. By BERTHA THOMAS.

" Miss Thomas' book is well written and fairly complete ;
she is well intentioned, always fair, and her book deserves
decided recommendation as an introduction to its subject."
Athenteum.

" In this unpretending volume general readers will find all
that they need to know about the life and writings of George
Sand. Miss Thomas has accomplished a rather difficult task
with great adroitness." St. James' Gazette.

Margaret Fuller. By JULIA WARD HOWE.

" A very fresh and engaging piece of biography, and a worthy
addition to Mr. Ingram's carefully-selected and well-edited series."
Freeman's Journal.

" Well worthy of association with its popular predecessors,
and among the new books that should be read." Derby Mercury.

LONDON : W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE. S.W.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
Mary Lamb. By ANNE GILCHKIST.

" Mrs. Gilchrist's ' Mary Lamb ' is a painstaking cultivated
sketch, written with knowledge and feeling." Pall Mall Gazette.

" To her task of recording this life, Mrs. Gilchrist has
evidently brought wide reading and accurate knowledge. She is
to be congratulated on the clearness and interest of her narrative,
on the success with which she has placed before us one of the
gentlest and most pathetic figures of English literature."
Academy.

" A thoroughly delightful volume, lovingly sympathetic in its
portraiture, and charged with much new and interesting matter."
Harpers' Magazine.

Maria Edgeworth. By HELEN ZIMMERN.

" A very pleasing resume' of the life and works of our gifted
countrywoman." Freeman's Journal.

" An interesting biography." Echo.

" Miss Zimmern is the first to tell the story as a whole for
English readers, and the way in which she describes the Irish
home, the literary partnership of eccentric father and obedient
daughter, the visit to France, and Miss Edgeworth's sight of
certain French celebrities including Madame de Genlis, is full
of liveliness." Pall Mall Gazette.

Elizabeth Fry. By MRS. E. E. PITMAN.

" Of all English philanthropists, none exhibits a nobler nature
or is worthier of a permanent record than Mrs. Fry. For this
reason we welcome the sketch of her by Mrs. Pitman, published
in the Eminent Women Series." Times.

" An excellent idea of Mrs. Fry's noble life and work can be
got from Mrs Pitman's simple but impressive work." Contem-
porary Review.

" This is a good book, worthy of a place in the interesting
Eminent Women Series." Spectator.

LONDON : W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATEBLOO PLACE. S.W.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
Countess of Albany. By VEBNON LEE.
" There is a vivid power in Vernon Lee's realization of Floreu
tine life and society, and much beauty and glow of colour in her
descriptions." Saturday Review.

" This romantic biography is as exciting as any work of
imagination, and the incisive and graphic style of its author
renders it singularly attractive." Morning Post.

Harriet Martineau. By MRS. FENWICK MILLER.

"A faithful and sympathetic account of this remarkable
woman." Scotsman.

"As a reflective broad-minded woman's faithful description
of another woman's private life and brilliant literary career, this
critical sketch is admirable." Whitehall Review.

" Mrs. Miller has done her difficult work well, and her volume
is one of the ablest and most interesting of the able and interest-
ing series to which it belongs." Derby Mercury.

Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. By ELIZABETH

ROBINS PENNELL.

" An impartial, judicious, complete representation of the life
and work of a justly celebrated woman." Whitehall Review.

" A very excellent life. . . . The author has evidently that
thorough sympathy with her subject without which it is probably
impossible to write a really good biography." Guardian.

Rachel. By MRS. KENNARD.

"This volume of the Eminent Women Series fully sustains
the admirable character of the series. It is certainly the best
collection of female biographies we know." Literary World.

" Mrs. Kennard has done her work well and sympathetically,
and has accomplished the only life of Rachel worthy of the
name." The Lady.

"Worthily maintains the reputation of the Series." Sheffield
Telegraph.

Madame Roland. By MATHILDE BLIND.

" Full of excellent material, biographical and critical, and a
model of careful and conscientious workmanship. . . . As it
stands, the book is more readable than most of the current novels,
and is altogether worthy of Miss Blind's .high reputation."
Pictorial World

" Few volumes of the Eminent Women Series are more in-
teresting." Morning Post.

" A book which is strong, pathetic, and deeply interesting."
Graphic.

LONDON : W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE. S.W.

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